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Sociology 101 Flash Cards > Chapter 4: Socialization > Flashcards

Chapter 4: Socialization Flashcards

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1
Q

Socialization

A

A learning process that involves development or changes in individual’s sense of self.

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2
Q

Primary socialization

A

The socialization that occurs during your childhood.

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3
Q

Secondary Socialization

A

The socialization that occurs later in life.

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4
Q

Who created the term Habitus

A

Pierre Bourdieu

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5
Q

What is habitus?

A

Our often unconscious bodily knowledge and dispositions/habits.

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6
Q

He viewed socialization as an end result of internalization of norms and values in society.

A

Talcott Parsons

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7
Q

Internalization

A

Taking social norms, roles, and values into one’s own mind.

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8
Q

Who is Genie Wiley?

A

A young girl who did not have social experiences. Her father locked her in a shed for majority of her life, causing her to miss ‘critical periods’ in social and language development.

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9
Q

He argued the importance of Agency

A

Dennis Wrong

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10
Q

Dennis Wrong argued that ______ is actually an “over-socialized” conception of human beings.

A

Internalization

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11
Q

He believed that via internalization, society is thus a primary factor responsible for how individuals learned to think and behave.

A

Talcott Parsons

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12
Q

Biological Determinism

A

The greater part of who we are is determined by our genes.

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13
Q

Who was behind the idea of Negative Eugenics and what is it?

A

Hubert Spencer, Negative Eugenics is the idea of reducing the reproduction of people with less-desired and undesired traits.

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14
Q

Behaviourism

A

Strong cultural determinist position. Any behaviour can be learned or taught (and modified)

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15
Q

Law of Effect what made by ____ ____

A

Edward Thorndike

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16
Q

What is the Law of Effect?

A

Much of who we are is a consequence of how previous behaviour was reinforced.

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17
Q

Behaviour Modification

A

Attempting to change someone’s behaviour using the Law of Effect approach

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18
Q

Who was behind the Theory of Personality?

A

Sigmund Freud

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19
Q

Theory of Personality

A

Freud believed that socialization is a balance of biological and socio-cultural

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20
Q

How many parts did Sigmund Freud believe the mind had?

A

3

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21
Q

What were the three parts of the mind?

A
  1. Id: unconscious instinctive drives (Life and Death)
  2. Superego: Our conscience/morality (Internalization of socializing agents)
  3. Ego: Mediate between conscious and unconscious
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22
Q

Who is the father of Psychoanalysis?

A

Sigmund Freud

23
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

Freud’s belief that the mind has 3 parts: Id, Superego, and Ego.

24
Q

Agents of Socialization

A

Groups that have a significant impact on an individual’s socialization.

25
Q

He developed a 2 fold categorization for agents of socialization

A

George H. Mead

26
Q

What were the 2 categories for agents of socialization?

A
  1. Significant Others

2. Generalized Others

27
Q

Significant others

A

Individuals, primary family and friends, Intimate model.

28
Q

Generalized Others

A

The attitudes, viewpoints, and general expectations of that society.

29
Q

Mead’s Development of Self (3 stages)

A
  1. Preparatory Stage
  2. Play Stage
  3. Game stage
30
Q

Mead’s Development of Self: Preparatory Stage

A

Pure imitation of significant others

31
Q

Mead’s Development of Self: Play Stage

A

Pretend play, engages in role taking of significant others

32
Q

Mead’s Development of Self: Game Stage

A

Able to perceive and interpret several roles of others

33
Q

This man’s development of self is called the Looking Glass Self

A

Charles Cooley

34
Q

What was the The development of self: The Looking Glass Self

A

Our Concept of ourselves is influenced by our perception of how others respond to us.
(Explains how the self develops, how we act and react to others)

35
Q

3 Components of Looking Glass self

A
  1. How you imagine you appear to others
  2. How you imagine those others judge you appearance
  3. How you feel as a result.
36
Q

Family

A

First agent of socialization and the most powerful

37
Q

Peer Groups

A

Share key social characteristics like age, social positions and common interests.

38
Q

Peer pressure

A

Social force exerted by and individual by their peers to conform to a certain behaviour.

39
Q

What is a Community and Neighbourhood

A

Can be an important agent of socialization on a child.

40
Q

Broad Socialization

A

Individualism and independence is promoted, and there is relatively less restrictiveness on the various dimensions of socialization. Contributes to risk behaviour

41
Q

Narrow Socialization

A

Consider, obedience and conformity to the standards of expectations of the community. Punish any deviation from the norm

42
Q

Longitudinal Studies

A

Examines data gathered on research over an extended period of time.

43
Q

Mass Media: He conducted a longitudinal study on the effects of t.v violence on children

A

Rowell Huesmann

44
Q

Mass Media: Huesmann proposed 2 theories to explain the data, what were they?

A
  1. Observational learning theory- children acquire aggressive scripts for solving problems
  2. Desensitization Theory- Increased exposure to T.V violence numbs/ desensitizes the natural negative reaction to violence.
45
Q

Popular Media: He believed that T.V violence has been misinterpreted and has no effect

A

Jib Fowles

46
Q

____ are often a first source of information that children receive about groups other than their own.

A

Schools

47
Q

Klopfenstein’s research

A

Believed that the social location of teachers impact the quality of students work.

48
Q

Who created the Hurried Child Syndrome and what is it.?

A

David Elkind and it is when kids with adult levels of stress and guilt.

49
Q

Resocialization

A

The process of unlearning old ways and learning new ways.

50
Q

Voluntary Resocialization

A

When someone starts school, changes schools a new job, retires and religious conversion.

51
Q

Involuntary Resocialization

A

When someone is forced to change (Total Institution)

52
Q

Degradation Ceremony

A

A kind of rite of passage when a person is stripped of their individuality.

53
Q

Rite of Passage

A

A ritual or ceremony signalling a change of status.

Sociology 101 Flash Cards (6 decks)

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