Chapter 4 - Socialization

Question 1

agents of socialization (p. 92)

Answer 1

are the persons, groups, or institutions that teach us what we need to know in order to participate in society.

Question 2

anticipatory socialization (p. 105)

Answer 2

the process by which knowledge and skills are learned for future roles

Question 3

ego (p. 102)

Answer 3

is the rational, reality-oriented component of personality that imposes restrictions on the innate pleasure seeking-drives of the id.

Question 4

gender socialization (p. 104)

Answer 4

is the aspect of socialization that contains specific messages and practices concerning the nature of being female or male in a specific group or society.

Question 5

generalized other (p. 100)

Answer 5

refers to the child’s awareness of the demands and expectations of the society as a whole or of the child’s subculture.

Question 6

id (p. 102)

Answer 6

is the component of personality that includes all of the individuals’s basic biological drives and needs that demand immediate gratification.

Question 7

looking-glass self (p. 98)

Answer 7

refers to the way in which a person’s sense of self is derived from the perceptions of others.

Question 8

peer group (p. 94)

Answer 8

is a group of people who are linked by common interests, equal social positions, and (usually) similar age.

Question 9

resocialization (p. 107)

Answer 9

is the process of learning a new and different set of attitudes, values, and behaviours from those in one’s previous background and experience.

Question 10

role-taking (p. 99)

Answer 10

the process by which a person mentally assumes the role of another person in order to understand the world from that person’s point of view.

Question 11

self-concept (p. 98)

Answer 11

is the totality of our beliefs and feelings about ourselves.

Question 12

significant others (p. 100)

Answer 12

are those persons whose care, affection, and approval are especially desired and who are most important in the development of the self.

Question 13

social devaluation (p. 107)

Answer 13

wherein a person or group is considered to have less social value than other individuals or groups.

Question 14

socialization (p. 89)

Answer 14

is the lifelong process of social interaction through which individuals acquire a self-identity and the physical, mental, and social skills needed for survival in society.

Question 15

sociobiology (p. 91)

Answer 15

is the systematic study of how biology affects social behaviour.

Question 16

superego (p. 102)

Answer 16

or conscience, consists of the moral and ethical aspects of personality.

Question 17

total institution (p. 107)

Answer 17

a place where people are isolated from the rest of society for a set period of time and come under the control of the officials who run the institution.