Chapter 3 - Culture

Question 1

Counterculture (p. 74)

Answer 1

is a group that sternly rejects dominant societal values and norms and seeks alternative lifestyles.

Question 2

Culture (p. 57)

Answer 2

is the knowledge, language, values, customs, and material objects that are passed from person to person and from one generation to the next in a human group or society.

Question 3

Cultural Imperialism (p. 77)

Answer 3

the extensive infusion of one nation’s culture into other nations.

Question 4

Cultural Lag (p. 70)

Answer 4

a gap between that technical development of a society and its moral and legal institutions

Question 5

Cultural Relativism (p. 75)

Answer 5

the belief that the behaviours and customs of any culture must be viewed and analyzed by the culture’s own standard.

Question 6

Cultural Universal (p. 62)

Answer 6

customs and practices that occur across all societies.

Question 7

Cultural Shock (p. 74)

Answer 7

is the disorientation the people feel when they encounter cultures radically different from their own.

Question 8

Diffusion (p. 71)

Answer 8

is the transmission of cultural items or social practices form one group or society to another.

Question 9

Discovery (p. 70)

Answer 9

is the process of learning about something previously unknown or unrecognized.

Question 10

Ethnocentrism (p. 75)

Answer 10

the tendency to regard one’s own culture and group as the standard, and thus superior, whereas all other groups are seen as inferior.

Question 11

Folkways (p. 69)

Answer 11

are informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture.

Question 12

Ideal culture (p. 69)

Answer 12

refers to the values and standards of behaviour that people in a society profess to hold.

Question 13

invention (p. 71)

Answer 13

is the process of reshaping existing cultural items into a new form.

Question 14

language (p. 64)

Answer 14

is a set if symbols that expresses ideas and enables people to think and communicate with one and other.

Question 15

laws (p. 70)

Answer 15

are formal, standardized norms that have been enacted by legislatures and are enforced by formal sanctions.

Question 16

material culture (p. 61)

Answer 16

consists of the physical or tangible creations that members of a society make, use, and share.

Question 17

mores (p. 69)

Answer 17

are strongly held norms with moral and ethical connotations that may not be violated without serious consequences in a particular culture.

Question 18

nonmaterial culture (p. 61)

Answer 18

consists of the abstract or intangible human creations of society that influence people’s behaviour.

Question 19

norms (p. 69)

Answer 19

are established rules of behaviour or standard of conduct.

Question 20

real culture (p. 69)

Answer 20

refers to the value and standards of behaviour that people do follow.

Question 21

sanctions (p. 69)

Answer 21

are rewards for appropriate behaviour or penalties for inappropriate behaviour.

Question 22

Sapir - Whorf hypothesis (p. 64)

Answer 22

language shapes the view of reality of its speakers.

Language not only expresses our thoughts an perceptions, but also influences our perception of reality.

Question 23

subculture (p. 73)

Answer 23

is a group of people who share a distinctive set of cultural beliefs and behaviours that differ in some significant way form that of larger society.

Question 24

symbol (p. 63)

Answer 24

is anything that meaningfully represents something else.

Question 25

taboos (p. 70)

Answer 25

are mores so strong that their violation is considered to be extremely offensive and even unmentionable.

Question 26

technology (p. 61)

Answer 26

as the knowledge, techniques, and tools that make it possible to transform resources into usable forms, and the knowledge and skills required to use them after they are developed.

Question 27

value contradictions (p. 68)

Answer 27

are values that conflict with one another or are mutually exclusive.

Question 28

values (p. 68)

Answer 28

are collective ideas about what is right or wrong, good or bad, and desirable or undesirable in a particular culture.