Chapter 4-Skull Flashcards
(102 cards)
1
Q
anterior nasal aperture/piriform aperture
A
hole between and below orbits
2
Q
external acoustic meati (single: meatus)
A
ear holes
3
Q
There are___bones in the complete adult human skull.
A
28
4
Q
inca bone
A
an extra large, triangular bone occasionally found at the rear of the human cranium
5
Q
sutural bones/Wormian bones/extrasutural bones
A
irregular ossicles occurring along some sutures
6
Q
The modern human skeleton is evolved from two kinds of bone: ___bone and ______-________ bone.
A
dermal; cartilage-replacement
7
Q
metopic/frontal suture
A
passes between unfused frontal halves, only rarely persists into adulthood
8
Q
coronal suture
A
lies between frontal and parietals
9
Q
lambdoid/lambdoidal suture
A
passes between the two parietals and the occipital
10
Q
squamous sutures
A
unusual, scale-like, beveled sutures between temporal and parietal bones
11
Q
basiliar suture
A
between sphenoid and occipital
12
Q
sphenooccipital synchondrosis
A
name of basiliar suture before fusion
13
Q
parietomastoid sutures
A
pass between parietals and temporals, making up posterior extensions of the squamous suture
14
Q
occipitomastoid sutures
A
pass between occipital and temporals on either side of vault
15
Q
synchondroses
A
semi-rigid joints made with hyaline cartilage, often preforming sutures
16
Q
syndesmoses
A
rigid ligamentous joings
17
Q
sphenopetrosal synchondrosis
A
precedes sphenotemporal suture
18
Q
petrooccipital synchondrosis
A
precedes occipitomastoid suture
19
Q
posterior intraoccipital synchondrosis
A
marks the site of fusion of the squamous and lateral portions of the occipital bone
20
Q
anterior intraoccipital synchondrosis
A
marks the site of future fusion of the basilar and lateral portions of the occipital bone
21
Q
sphenoethmoidal synchondrosis
A
precedes sphenoethmoidal suture
22
Q
fontanelles
A
cartilaginous membranes that will eventually harden into bone
23
Q
anterior fontanelle
A
single, along the midline at the anterior end of the sagittal suture
24
Q
posterior fontanelle
A
single, along the midline at the posterior end of the sagittal suture
25
The ___ and ____ fontanelles are paired, with one of each on the right and left sides of the cranium
mastoid; sphenoidal
26
sinus
void chamber in cranial bone that enlarge with the growth of the face
27
There are __ basic sets of sinuses
4
28
Frankfurt/Frankfort Horizontal, or FH
the convention used in orienting the skull; a plane defined by 3 points, the right and left porion points and the left orbitale
29
porion points
located at the top of each external acoustic meatus
30
orbitale
located at the bottom of the orbit
31
norma verticalis
the skull viewed from above in Frankfurt Horizontal
32
norma lateralis
the skull viewed from either side in Frankfort Horizontal
33
norma occipitalis
posterior view of the skull in FH
34
norma frontalis
skull viewed from the front in FH
35
norma basilaris
skull viewed from the base in FH
36
cranial capacity
measurement describing volume of the neurocranium
37
chord
name for a linear measurement between two points
38
arc
curvilinear measurement
39
craniometric landmark: inc.
incision: the point at the occlusal surface where the upper central incisors meet
40
craniometric landmark: ids.
alveolare/infradentale superius: the midline point at the inferior tip of the bony septum between the upper central incisors
41
craniometric landmark: pr.
prosthion: midline point at the most anterior point on the alveoloar process of the maxillae
42
craniometric landmark: ns.
nasospinale: the point where a line tangent to the inferiormost points of the two inferior curves of the anterior nasal aperture margin crosses the midline
43
craniometric landmark: rhi
rhinion: the midline point at the inferior free end of the internasal suture
44
craniometric landmark: n
midline point where two nasal bones and the frontal intersect
45
craniometric landmark: g
glabella: most anterior midline point on the frontal bone, usually above the frontonasal suture
46
craniometric landmark: b.
bregma: ectocranial point where the coronal and sagittal sutures intersect
47
craniometric landmark: ob.
obelion: ectocranial midline point where a line connecting the parietal foramina (when present) intersects the midline
48
craniometric landmark: l.
lambda: ectocranial midline point where the sagittal and lambdoid sutures intersect. note: when in doubt, choose the point where the lateral halves of the lambdoid suture and the lower end of the sagittal suture would be projected to meet.
49
craniometric landmark: i.
inion: ectocranial midline point at the base of the external occipital protuberance; the point at which the superior nuchal lines merge in the external occipital protuberance.
50
craniometric landmark: o.
opisthion: midline point at posterior margin of foramen magnum
51
craniometric landmark: ba.
basion: midline point on anterior margin of foramen magnum.
52
craniometric landmark: endobasion
for some measurements, the basion point is located on the most posterior point of the foramen's anterior rim. this is distinguished as endobasion.
53
craniometric landmark: sphba.
sphenobasion: point where the midsagittal plane intersects the basiliar suture
54
craniometric landmark: ho.
hormion: most posterior midline point on the vomer
55
craniometric landmark: alv
alveolon: point on the median palatine (intermaxillary) suture where a line drawn between the posterior ends of the alveolar ridges crosses the midline.
56
craniometric landmark: sta.
staphylion: the point on the median palatine (intermaxillary) suture where a line drawn between the deepest parts of the notches (free edges) at the rear of the palate crosses the midline
57
craniometric landmark: ol.
orale: midline point on the hard palate where a line drawn tangent to the posterior margins of the central incisor alveoli crosses the midline
58
craniometric landmark: gn.
gnathion: most inferior midline point on the mandible.
59
craniometric landmark: pg.
pogonion: most anterior midline point on chin of mandible
60
craniometric landmark: id.
infradentale: midline point at superior tip of septum between mandibular central incisors
61
paired craniometric landmark: zm.
zygomaxillare: most inferior point on the zygomaticomaxillary suture
62
paired craniometric landmark: or.
orbitale: lowest point on orbital margin
63
paired craniometric landmark: ju.
jugale: point in the depth of the notch between the temporal and frontal processes of the zygomatic
64
paired craniometric landmark: mf.
maxillofrontale: point where the anterior lacrimal crest of the maxilla meets the frontomaxillary suture
65
paired craniometric landmark: la.
lacrimale: the point where the posterior lacrimal crest meets the frontolacrimal suture
66
paired craniometric landmark: d.
dacryon: the point where maxillolacrimal suture meets the frontal bone
67
paired craniometric landmark: zyo.
zygoorbitale: the point where the orbital rim intersects the zygomaticomaxillary suture.
68
paired craniometric landmark: fmo.
frontomalare orbitale: the point where the frontozygomatic suture crosses the inner orbital rim.
69
paired craniometric landmark: fmt.
frontomalare temporale: the point where the frontozygomatic suture crosses the temporal line (or outer orbital rim).
70
paired craniometric landmark: ft.
frontotemporale: the point where the temporal line reaches its most ateromedial position on the frontal.
71
paired craniometric landmark: st.
stephanion: the point where the coronal suture crosses the temporal line.
72
paired craniometric landmark: pt.
pterion: a region, rather than a point, where the frontal, temporal, parietal, and sphenoid meet on the other side of the vault; sutural contact pattern in this area is highly variable
73
paired craniometric landmark: co.
coronale: the point on the coronal suture where the breadth of the frontal bone is greatest
74
paired craniometric landmark: po.
porion: uppermost point on the margin of the external acoustic meatus
75
paired craniometric landmark: au.
auriculare: point vertically above center of the external acoustic meatus of the zygomatic process
76
paired craniometric landmark: ast.
the point where the lambdoid, parietomastoid, and occipitomastoid sutures meet
77
paired craniometric landmark: ms.
mastoidale: most inferior point on the mastoid process
78
paired craniometric landmark: ekm.
most lateral point on the outer surface of the alveolar margins of the maxilla, often at the second molar position
79
paired craniometric landmark: enm.
endomolare: most medial point on inner surface of the alveolar margin opposite the center of the M^2 crown
80
paired craniometric landmark: cdl.
condylion laterale: most lateral point on mandibular condyle.
81
paired craniometric landmark: cs.
condylion superior: most superior point on mandibular condyle.
82
paired craniometric landmark: cdm.
condylion mediale: most medial point on mandibular condyle.
83
paired craniometric landmark: cr.
coronion: point at the tip of the coronoid process of the mandible
84
paired craniometric landmark: go.
gonion: point along rounded posteroinferior corner of the mandible between the ramus and the body
85
paired craniometric landmark: ml.
mentale: most inferior point on margin of mandibular mental foramen
86
frontal squama
part of the frontal bone forming the forehead
87
horizontal portion
part of the frontal bone that acts to roof the orbits and floor the frontal lobes of the brain
88
frontal eminences/tubers/bosses
dominate the ectocranial surface; mark the location of the original centers of ossification in this bone
89
temporal lines
on the lateral ectocranial surface, mark the attachment of the temporalis muscle, defines superior edge of temporal surface, often divides into superior and inferior lines as it sweeps posteriorly
90
zygomatic processes
form most lateral and anterior corners of the frontal
91
superciliary arches
upper orbital edges
92
supraorbital notches/foramina (if notches are bridged)
set along medial half of superior orbital rim
93
metopic/frontal suture
vertical suture between right and left frontal halves; sometimes lasts into adulthood
94
meningeal grooves
present on both sides of the concave endocranial surface of the frontal squama for the middle meningeal arteries
95
sagittal sulcus
vertical groove running down midline of endocranial surface
96
frontal crest
midline crest confluent with anterior end of sagittal sulcus
97
foramen cecum
foramen of varying size, found at base of the frontal crest
98
arachnoid/granular foveae
especially apparent near coronal suture along endocranial midline
99
pars orbitalis/orbital plate
horizontal portion of the frontal, bumpy endocranial surface, smooth and concave inferior surface
100
lacrimal fossae
found at lateral, inferior parts of inferior surfaces of frontal
101
ethmoidal notch
gap separating the two orbital plates of the frontal
102
frontal sinuses
generally anterior to ethmoidal notch, extend for variable distance between outer and inner bone tables on frontal and sometimes benetrate orbital plates.
