Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Osteology > Chapter 4-Skull > Flashcards

Chapter 4-Skull Flashcards

1
Q

anterior nasal aperture/piriform aperture

A

hole between and below orbits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

external acoustic meati (single: meatus)

A

ear holes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

There are___bones in the complete adult human skull.

A

28

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

inca bone

A

an extra large, triangular bone occasionally found at the rear of the human cranium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

sutural bones/Wormian bones/extrasutural bones

A

irregular ossicles occurring along some sutures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The modern human skeleton is evolved from two kinds of bone: ___bone and ______-________ bone.

A

dermal; cartilage-replacement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

metopic/frontal suture

A

passes between unfused frontal halves, only rarely persists into adulthood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

coronal suture

A

lies between frontal and parietals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

lambdoid/lambdoidal suture

A

passes between the two parietals and the occipital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

squamous sutures

A

unusual, scale-like, beveled sutures between temporal and parietal bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

basiliar suture

A

between sphenoid and occipital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

sphenooccipital synchondrosis

A

name of basiliar suture before fusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

parietomastoid sutures

A

pass between parietals and temporals, making up posterior extensions of the squamous suture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

occipitomastoid sutures

A

pass between occipital and temporals on either side of vault

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

synchondroses

A

semi-rigid joints made with hyaline cartilage, often preforming sutures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

syndesmoses

A

rigid ligamentous joings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

sphenopetrosal synchondrosis

A

precedes sphenotemporal suture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

petrooccipital synchondrosis

A

precedes occipitomastoid suture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

posterior intraoccipital synchondrosis

A

marks the site of fusion of the squamous and lateral portions of the occipital bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

anterior intraoccipital synchondrosis

A

marks the site of future fusion of the basilar and lateral portions of the occipital bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

sphenoethmoidal synchondrosis

A

precedes sphenoethmoidal suture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

fontanelles

A

cartilaginous membranes that will eventually harden into bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

anterior fontanelle

A

single, along the midline at the anterior end of the sagittal suture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

posterior fontanelle

A

single, along the midline at the posterior end of the sagittal suture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The ___ and ____ fontanelles are paired, with one of each on the right and left sides of the cranium

A

mastoid; sphenoidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

sinus

A

void chamber in cranial bone that enlarge with the growth of the face

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

There are __ basic sets of sinuses

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Frankfurt/Frankfort Horizontal, or FH

A

the convention used in orienting the skull; a plane defined by 3 points, the right and left porion points and the left orbitale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

porion points

A

located at the top of each external acoustic meatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

orbitale

A

located at the bottom of the orbit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

norma verticalis

A

the skull viewed from above in Frankfurt Horizontal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

norma lateralis

A

the skull viewed from either side in Frankfort Horizontal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

norma occipitalis

A

posterior view of the skull in FH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

norma frontalis

A

skull viewed from the front in FH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

norma basilaris

A

skull viewed from the base in FH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

cranial capacity

A

measurement describing volume of the neurocranium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

chord

A

name for a linear measurement between two points

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

arc

A

curvilinear measurement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

craniometric landmark: inc.

A

incision: the point at the occlusal surface where the upper central incisors meet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

craniometric landmark: ids.

A

alveolare/infradentale superius: the midline point at the inferior tip of the bony septum between the upper central incisors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

craniometric landmark: pr.

A

prosthion: midline point at the most anterior point on the alveoloar process of the maxillae

42
Q

craniometric landmark: ns.

A

nasospinale: the point where a line tangent to the inferiormost points of the two inferior curves of the anterior nasal aperture margin crosses the midline

43
Q

craniometric landmark: rhi

A

rhinion: the midline point at the inferior free end of the internasal suture

44
Q

craniometric landmark: n

A

midline point where two nasal bones and the frontal intersect

45
Q

craniometric landmark: g

A

glabella: most anterior midline point on the frontal bone, usually above the frontonasal suture

46
Q

craniometric landmark: b.

A

bregma: ectocranial point where the coronal and sagittal sutures intersect

47
Q

craniometric landmark: ob.

A

obelion: ectocranial midline point where a line connecting the parietal foramina (when present) intersects the midline

48
Q

craniometric landmark: l.

A

lambda: ectocranial midline point where the sagittal and lambdoid sutures intersect. note: when in doubt, choose the point where the lateral halves of the lambdoid suture and the lower end of the sagittal suture would be projected to meet.

49
Q

craniometric landmark: i.

A

inion: ectocranial midline point at the base of the external occipital protuberance; the point at which the superior nuchal lines merge in the external occipital protuberance.

50
Q

craniometric landmark: o.

A

opisthion: midline point at posterior margin of foramen magnum

51
Q

craniometric landmark: ba.

A

basion: midline point on anterior margin of foramen magnum.

52
Q

craniometric landmark: endobasion

A

for some measurements, the basion point is located on the most posterior point of the foramen’s anterior rim. this is distinguished as endobasion.

53
Q

craniometric landmark: sphba.

A

sphenobasion: point where the midsagittal plane intersects the basiliar suture

54
Q

craniometric landmark: ho.

A

hormion: most posterior midline point on the vomer

55
Q

craniometric landmark: alv

A

alveolon: point on the median palatine (intermaxillary) suture where a line drawn between the posterior ends of the alveolar ridges crosses the midline.

56
Q

craniometric landmark: sta.

A

staphylion: the point on the median palatine (intermaxillary) suture where a line drawn between the deepest parts of the notches (free edges) at the rear of the palate crosses the midline

57
Q

craniometric landmark: ol.

A

orale: midline point on the hard palate where a line drawn tangent to the posterior margins of the central incisor alveoli crosses the midline

58
Q

craniometric landmark: gn.

A

gnathion: most inferior midline point on the mandible.

59
Q

craniometric landmark: pg.

A

pogonion: most anterior midline point on chin of mandible

60
Q

craniometric landmark: id.

A

infradentale: midline point at superior tip of septum between mandibular central incisors

61
Q

paired craniometric landmark: zm.

A

zygomaxillare: most inferior point on the zygomaticomaxillary suture

62
Q

paired craniometric landmark: or.

A

orbitale: lowest point on orbital margin

63
Q

paired craniometric landmark: ju.

A

jugale: point in the depth of the notch between the temporal and frontal processes of the zygomatic

64
Q

paired craniometric landmark: mf.

A

maxillofrontale: point where the anterior lacrimal crest of the maxilla meets the frontomaxillary suture

65
Q

paired craniometric landmark: la.

A

lacrimale: the point where the posterior lacrimal crest meets the frontolacrimal suture

66
Q

paired craniometric landmark: d.

A

dacryon: the point where maxillolacrimal suture meets the frontal bone

67
Q

paired craniometric landmark: zyo.

A

zygoorbitale: the point where the orbital rim intersects the zygomaticomaxillary suture.

68
Q

paired craniometric landmark: fmo.

A

frontomalare orbitale: the point where the frontozygomatic suture crosses the inner orbital rim.

69
Q

paired craniometric landmark: fmt.

A

frontomalare temporale: the point where the frontozygomatic suture crosses the temporal line (or outer orbital rim).

70
Q

paired craniometric landmark: ft.

A

frontotemporale: the point where the temporal line reaches its most ateromedial position on the frontal.

71
Q

paired craniometric landmark: st.

A

stephanion: the point where the coronal suture crosses the temporal line.

72
Q

paired craniometric landmark: pt.

A

pterion: a region, rather than a point, where the frontal, temporal, parietal, and sphenoid meet on the other side of the vault; sutural contact pattern in this area is highly variable

73
Q

paired craniometric landmark: co.

A

coronale: the point on the coronal suture where the breadth of the frontal bone is greatest

74
Q

paired craniometric landmark: po.

A

porion: uppermost point on the margin of the external acoustic meatus

75
Q

paired craniometric landmark: au.

A

auriculare: point vertically above center of the external acoustic meatus of the zygomatic process

76
Q

paired craniometric landmark: ast.

A

the point where the lambdoid, parietomastoid, and occipitomastoid sutures meet

77
Q

paired craniometric landmark: ms.

A

mastoidale: most inferior point on the mastoid process

78
Q

paired craniometric landmark: ekm.

A

most lateral point on the outer surface of the alveolar margins of the maxilla, often at the second molar position

79
Q

paired craniometric landmark: enm.

A

endomolare: most medial point on inner surface of the alveolar margin opposite the center of the M^2 crown

80
Q

paired craniometric landmark: cdl.

A

condylion laterale: most lateral point on mandibular condyle.

81
Q

paired craniometric landmark: cs.

A

condylion superior: most superior point on mandibular condyle.

82
Q

paired craniometric landmark: cdm.

A

condylion mediale: most medial point on mandibular condyle.

83
Q

paired craniometric landmark: cr.

A

coronion: point at the tip of the coronoid process of the mandible

84
Q

paired craniometric landmark: go.

A

gonion: point along rounded posteroinferior corner of the mandible between the ramus and the body

85
Q

paired craniometric landmark: ml.

A

mentale: most inferior point on margin of mandibular mental foramen

86
Q

frontal squama

A

part of the frontal bone forming the forehead

87
Q

horizontal portion

A

part of the frontal bone that acts to roof the orbits and floor the frontal lobes of the brain

88
Q

frontal eminences/tubers/bosses

A

dominate the ectocranial surface; mark the location of the original centers of ossification in this bone

89
Q

temporal lines

A

on the lateral ectocranial surface, mark the attachment of the temporalis muscle, defines superior edge of temporal surface, often divides into superior and inferior lines as it sweeps posteriorly

90
Q

zygomatic processes

A

form most lateral and anterior corners of the frontal

91
Q

superciliary arches

A

upper orbital edges

92
Q

supraorbital notches/foramina (if notches are bridged)

A

set along medial half of superior orbital rim

93
Q

metopic/frontal suture

A

vertical suture between right and left frontal halves; sometimes lasts into adulthood

94
Q

meningeal grooves

A

present on both sides of the concave endocranial surface of the frontal squama for the middle meningeal arteries

95
Q

sagittal sulcus

A

vertical groove running down midline of endocranial surface

96
Q

frontal crest

A

midline crest confluent with anterior end of sagittal sulcus

97
Q

foramen cecum

A

foramen of varying size, found at base of the frontal crest

98
Q

arachnoid/granular foveae

A

especially apparent near coronal suture along endocranial midline

99
Q

pars orbitalis/orbital plate

A

horizontal portion of the frontal, bumpy endocranial surface, smooth and concave inferior surface

100
Q

lacrimal fossae

A

found at lateral, inferior parts of inferior surfaces of frontal

101
Q

ethmoidal notch

A

gap separating the two orbital plates of the frontal

102
Q

frontal sinuses

A

generally anterior to ethmoidal notch, extend for variable distance between outer and inner bone tables on frontal and sometimes benetrate orbital plates.

Osteology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions