Chapter 4 Skin conditions Flashcards
acne
a chronic inflammatory order of the sebaceous glands, characterized by blemishes and comedones, known as acne simplex or acne vulgaris
actinic keratosis
pink or flesh colored precancerous lesions, feels sharp or rough, caused by sun exposure.
albinism
absence of melanin production in the body, including skin, hair, and eyes. Technical term is congenital leukoderma, or hypopigmentation.
anhidrosis
deficiency in perspiration, often a result of fever or skin disease. Requires medical treatment.
atopic dermatitis
excess inflammation, dry skin, redness, and itching from allergies and irritants.
basal cell carcinoma
most common and least severe type of skin cancer, appears as light pearly nodules. Characteristics include sores, reddish patches, or a smooth growth with an elevated border.
body dysmorphic disorder
psychological disorder in which the client has a preoccupation with their appearance, they tend to fixate on minor appearance imperfections and see them as disfiguring.
bromhidrosis
foul smelling perspiration, usually in armpits or feet.
bulla
large blister containing watery fluid, similar to a vesicle but larger,
carbuncle
cluster of boils, large inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue caused by staph bacteria.
comedo
mass of hardened or sebum and skin cells in a hair follicle, an open open comedo or blackhead when open an exposed to oxygen; closed comedones are white heads that are blocked and don’t have a follicular opening.
comedogenic
tendency for an ingredient to clog follicles and cause buildup of dead skin cells, resulting in comedones.
conjunctivitis
pinkeye, very contagious infection of the mucous membranes around the eye. Chemical, bacterial, and viral cases.
contact dermatitis
also known as dermatitis venenata; inflammatory skin condition caused by contact with substance /allergens or chemical; occupational disorders from ingredients in cosmetics and chemical solutions can cause this.
crust
dead skin cells form over a wound or blemish while it’s healing, resulting in an accumulation of sebum and pus, sometimes mixed with epidermal material; example is scab on a sore.
cyst
closed, abnormally developed sac containing fluid , infection, or other matter above or below the skin.
dermatillomania
a form of obsessive compulsive disorder in which the person picks at their skin to the point of injury, infection, or scarring; a person with this disorder finds the picking stress relieving and not painful; can be socially isolating and disfiguring.
dermatitis
any inflammatory condition of the skin.
dermatologist
physician who specializes in diseases and disorders of the skin, hair, and nails
dermatology
medical branch of science that specializes in the study of skin and it’s nature, structure, functions, diseases, and treatment.
diaphoresis
excessive perspiration due to a medical condition
eczema
inflammatory, painful, itching disease of the skin, acute or chronic in nature, with dry or moist lesions; clients with this condition should be referred to a physician.
edema
swelling caused by a fluid imbalance in cells in response to injury or infection.
ephelids
also known as freckles, are tiny round oval pigmented areas of skin exposed to the sun. also referred to as macules.
erythema
redness caused by inflammation, I.E ;a red lesion
excoriation
skin sore or abrasion produced by picking or scratching.
fissure
crack in the skin that penetrates the dermis; i.e chapped lips/hands.
folliculitis
also known as barber’s itch; inflammation of the hair follicles caused by a bacterial infection from ingrown hair; typically a result of ingrown hair due to shaving or other epilation methods.
furuncle
also known as a boil; a subcutaneous abscess filled with pus; caused by bacteria in glands/ hair follicles.
herpes simplex virus 1
strain of herpes that causes fever blisters or cold sores; reoccurring contagious viral infection consisting of vesicles on a red, swollen base. Typically appears on lips or nostrils.
herpes simplex 2
strain of herpes that infects the genitals
herpes zoster
also known as shingles; painful viral infection skin condition from the chicken pox virus, characterized by a group of blisters that form a rash in a straight line or ring,
hyperhidrosis
excessive perspiration not related to exercise or heat.
hyperkeratosis
thickening of skin caused by a mass of keratinocytes.
hypopigmentation
absence of pigment resulting in white or light splotches.
hyperpigmentation
overproduction of pigment.
hypertrophy
abnormal growth of skin, malignant or benign.
impetigo
a contagious infection caused by staphylococcal or streptococcal bacteria, characterized by clusters of small blisters or crusty lesions and often occurring in children.
keloid
thick scar resulting from excessive growth of fibrous tissue.
keratoma
acquired, superficial, thickened patch of the epidermis; i.e a callous is a keratoma caused by continued repeated pressure or friction on any part of the skin, especially hands and feet.
keratosis
abnormally thick buildup of cells
keratosis pilaris
redness and bumpiness common on the upper arms and cheeks; caused by blocked hair follicles; patches of irritation accompanied by bumpiness and pinpoint white milia.
lentigo
freckles, small yellow-brown colored spot; lentigenes that result from sun exposure are actinic. Lentigo patches are referred to as large macules.
lesions
mark, wound, or abnormality; structural changes in tissues caused by damage or injury.
leukoderma
skin disorder characterized by light, abnormal patches; causes are congenital, acquired, post-inflammation, or other causes that destroy pigment producing cells. Vitiligo and albinism are an example.
macule
flat spot or discoloration on the skin, such as a freckle. macules are neither raised or sunken in.
milia
epidermal cysts; small firm papules with no visible opening; white and pearl like masses of sebum and dead cells under the skin; more common in dry skin types and may form after skin trauma.
miliaria rubra
also known as prickly heat; acute inflammatory disorder of the sweat glands resulting in the eruption of red vesicles and burning, itching skin from excessive heat exposure.
malignant melanoma
most serious form of skin cancer as it can metastasize (spread) quickly; black or dark patches on the skin that are usually uneven in texture, jagged, or raised; may have surface crust or bleed.
mole
pigmented nevus; a brownish spot ranging in color from tan to bluish or black, some are flat (resembling freckles) and other are raised and darker.
nevus
also known as birthmark, malformation of the skin due to abnormal pigmentation or dilated capillaries.
nodules
often referred to as tumors, but nodules are smaller bumps caused by conditions such as scar tissue, fatty deposits or infection.
onychomycosis
a fungal infection that produces symptoms of thick, brittle, discolored nails.
papule
small elevation on the skin that contains no fluid but might have pus.
perioral dermatitis
acne like condition around the mouth; mainly small clusters of papules caused by toothpaste or products used on the face.
pilosebaceous unit
the hair unit that contains the hair follicle and appendages; the hair, root, bulb, dermal papilla, sebaceous appendage, and arrector pilli muscle.
poikiloderma of civatte
a skin condition caused by actinic bronzing (chronic sun exposure) to the sides of the face and neck. the skin turns reddish brown hue with distinct white patch under chin, benign condition.
polycystic ovarian syndrome
hormonal condition that effects women in child bearing years believed to have genetic component,
post inflammatory hyperpigmentation
darkened pigmentation due to an injury to the skin or the residual healing after an acne lesion has resolved; often deep red, purple, or brown in appearance.
primary lesions
primary lesions are characterized by flat, nonpalpable changes in skin color such as patches or macules, or an elevation formed by fluid in cavity such as vesicles, bullae, or pustules.
pruritus
persistent itching
pseudo folliculitis
also known as razor bumps. resembles folliculitis without infection or pus.
psoriasis
skin condition characterized by white silver scales, caused by over production of skin cells that replicate to fast. Immune dysfunction could be the cause.
pustule
raised, inflamed papule with white or yellow center containing pus at the head of lesion.
retention hyperkeratosis
hereditary factor in which dead skin cells build up and do not shed from the follicles as they do on normal skin.
scale
flaky skin, thin plate of epidermal cells; can be dry or oily; i.e bad dandruff.
scar
light colored, slightly raised mark on the skin formed after an injury. i.e keloid
sebaceous filament
similar to open comedones, solidified impactions of oil without cell matter
sebaceous hyperplasia
benign lesions often seen in oiler parts of the face ; an overgrowth of the sebaceous gland; they appear similar to open comedones, doughnut shaped, with cell matter in the center.
seborrheic dermatitis
common form of eczema, mainly effects oily areas, characterized by inflammation, scaling/itching.
secondary lesions
skin damage, developed in later stages of disease, changes structure of tissues or organs.
skin tag
small, benign growth or extension of skin that looks like a flap, common under arms/neck.
squamous cell carcinoma
second most serious form of skin cancer; red or pink scaly nodules or papules; also appear as open sores or crusty areas. Can grow and spread in body.
statis dermatitis
chronic inflammatory state in legs due to poor circulation. the legs may have ulcerations, along with scaly skin, itching, hyperpigmentation.
sensitization
hypersensitivity due to over exposure to an allergen that can take months or years to develop due to the allergen and intensity of exposure.
steatoma
sebaceous cyst or subcutaneous tumor filled with sebum; ranges in size from a pea to an orange, Often appears on scalp, neck, and back. Also called wen.
tan
increase in pigmentation due to melanin production that is a result from sun exposure/UV radiation. Visible sun damage.
tinea
contagious condition caused by a fungal infections , not a parasite. Itching, scales, sometimes painful lesions.
tinea corpis
also known as ringworm, contagious infection that forms a ringed, red pattern with elevated edges.
tinea versicolor
fungal condition that inhibits melanin production. Not contagious because it is caused by yeast, a normal part of the skin. White, brown, salmon colored flaky patches.
tubercle
abnormal rounded, solid lump. Larger than a papule.
tumor
large nodule; abnormal cell mass resulting from excessive cell multiplication. varies in shape/size/color.
ulcer
open lesion on the skin or mucous membrane
