chapter 4: skeletal system pathology

Question 1

healthcare profession concerned with diagnosis and treatment of malalignment conditions of spine and musculoskeletal system with intention of affecting nervous system and improving health; healthcare professional is a chiropractor

Answer 1

chiropractic

Question 2

branch of medicine specializing in diagnosis and treatment of conditions of musculoskeletal system; also called orthopedic surgery; physician is an orthopedist or orthopedic surgeon; name derived from straightening (ortho/o) deformities in children (ped/o)

Answer 2

orthopedics

Question 3

healthcare profession specializing in making orthopedic appliances such as braces and splints; person skilled in making and adjusting these appliances is an orthotist; orthotic is the appliance

Answer 3

orthotics

Question 4

healthcare profession specializing in diagnosis and treatment of disorders of feet and lower legs; healthcare professional is a podiatrist

Answer 4

podiatry

Question 5

healthcare profession specializing in making artificial body parts; person skilled in making and adjusting prostheses is a prosthetist; prothesis is a manufactured substitute for any missing body part, such as a artificial leg

Answer 5

prosthetics

Question 6

branch of medicine (subspecialty of internal medicine) specializing in diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal and autoimmune conditions affecting joints, muscles, and bones; physician is a rheumatologist

Answer 6

rheumatology

Question 7

joint pain

Answer 7

arthralgia

Question 8

inflammation of a bursa

Answer 8

bursitis

Question 9

mass of bone tissue that forms at fracture site during its healing

Answer 9

callus

Question 10

softening of cartilage

Answer 10

chondromalacia

Question 11

noise produced by bones or cartilage rubbing together in conditions such as arthritis; also called crepitus

Answer 11

crepitation

Question 12

bone pain

Answer 12

ostealgia

Question 13

inflammation of synovial membrane

Answer 13

synovitis

Question 14

fracture in which there is no open skin wound; also called a simple fracture

Answer 14

closed fracture

Question 15

common type of wrist fracture

Answer 15

colles’ fracture

Question 16

fracture in which bone is shattered. splintered, or crushed into many small pieces or fragments

Answer 16

comminuted fracture

Question 17

fracture in which bone has broken through skin; also called an open fracture

Answer 17

compound fracture

Question 18

fracture involving loss of height of a vertebral body; may be result of trauma, but in older people, especially women, may be caused by conditions like osteoporosis

Answer 18

compression fracture

Question 19

broken bone

Answer 19

fracture

Question 20

fracture in which there is an incomplete break; one side of bone is broken and other side is bent; fracture type commonly found in children due to their softer and more pliable bone structure

Answer 20

greenstick fracture

Question 21

fracture in which bone fragments are pushed into each other

Answer 21

impacted fracture

Question 22

fracture at an angle to bone

Answer 22

oblique fracture

Question 23

fracture caused by diseased or weakened bone

Answer 23

pathologic fracture

Question 24

fracture in which fracture line spirals around shaft of bone; can be caused by twisting injury and is often slower to heal than other types of fractures

Answer 24

spiral fracture

Question 25

slight fracture caused by repetitive, low-impact forces, like running, rather than single, forceful impact

Answer 25

stress fracture

Question 26

complete fracture that is straight across bone at right angles to long axis of bone

Answer 26

transverse fracture

Question 27

tumor, usually benign, that forms in cartilage

Answer 27

chondroma

Question 28

malignant growth found in shaft of long bones that spreads through periosteum; removal is treatment of choice because tumor will metastasize or spread to other organs

Answer 28

Ewings sacroma

Question 29

bony, outward projection from surface of a bone; also called bone spur

Answer 29

exostosis

Question 30

tumor that forms in bone marrow tissue

Answer 30

myeloma

Question 31

tumor, usually benign, that consists of both bone and cartilage tissue

Answer 31

osteochondroma

Question 32

most common type of bone cancer; usually begins in osteocytes found at ends of long bones; also called osteosarcoma

Answer 32

osteogenic sarcoma

Question 33

tumor found in bone tissue

Answer 33

osteoma

Question 34

softening of bones caused by deficiency of calcium; thought to be caused by insufficient sunlight and vitamin D in children

Answer 34

osteomalacia

Question 35

inflammation of bone and bone marrow

Answer 35

osteomyelitis

Question 36

general term for bone disease

Answer 36

osteopathy

Question 37

decrease in bone mass producing a thinning and weakening of bone with resulting fractures; bone becomes more porous, especially in spine and pelvis

Answer 37

osteoporosis

Question 38

fairly common metabolic disease of bone from unknown causes; usually attacks middle-age and older adults and is characterized by bone destruction and deformity; named for Sir James Paget, a british surgeon

Answer 38

Paget's disease

Question 39

deficiency in calcium vitamin D found in early childhood that results in bone deformities, especially bowed legs

Answer 39

rickets

Question 40

inflammatory spinal condition resembling rheumatoid arthritis and results in gradual stiffening and fusion of vertebrae; more common in men than in women

Answer 40

ankylosing spondylitis

Question 41

herination or protrusion of interverebral disk; also called herniated disk or ruptured disk; may require surgery

Answer 41

herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP)

Question 42

abnormal increase in outward curvature of thoracic spine; also known as hunchback or humpback

Answer 42

kyphosis

Question 43

abnormal increase in forward curvature of lumbar spine; also known as swayback

Answer 43

lordosis

Question 44

abnormal lateral curvature of spine

Answer 44

scoliosis

Question 45

congenital anomaly occurring when vertebra fails to fully form around spinal cord

Answer 45

spina bifida

Question 46

narrowing of spinal canal causing pressure on on cord and nerves

Answer 46

spinal stenosis

Question 47

forward sliding of lumbar vertebra over vertebra below it

Answer 47

spondylolisthesis

Question 48

specifically refers to ankylosing of spine, but commonly used in reference to any degenerative condition of vertebral column

Answer 48

spondylosis

Question 49

cervical muscle and ligament sprain or strain as a result of sudden movement forward or backward of head and neck; can occur as a result of rear-end auto collision

Answer 49

whiplash

Question 50

inflammation of bursa of first metatarsophalangeal joint (base of big toe)

Answer 50

bunion

Question 51

occurs when bones in a joint are displaced from normal alignment and ends of bones are no longer in contact

Answer 51

dislocation

Question 52

type of arthritis presenting as pain and swelling usually in first metatarsophalangeal joint; caused by high uric acid blood level resulting in uric acid crystals being deposited in soft tissue more common in men

Answer 52

gout

Question 53

arthritis resulting in degeneration of bones and joints; especially those bearing weight; results in bone rubbing against bone also called degenerative joint disease (DJD)

Answer 53

osteoarthritis (OA)

Question 54

pain and swelling in bursa located between patella and skin; seen often in persons who kneel frequently; commonly called housemaids knee

Answer 54

prepatellar bursitis

Question 55

chronic form of arthritis with inflammation of joints, swelling, stiffness, pain and changed in cartilage that can result in crippling deformities; considered to be autoimmune disease

Answer 55

rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

Question 56

damage to ligaments surrounding a joint due to over stretching, but no dislocation of joint or fracture of bone

Answer 56

sprain

Question 57

incomplete dislocation; joint alignment is disrupted, but ends of bones remain in contact

Answer 57

subluxation

Question 58

chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of connective tissue affecting many systems that may include joint pain and arthritis, may be mistaken for rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 58

systemic lupus erythematosus

Question 59

congenital deformity causing misalignment of ankle joint and foot; also referred to as clubfoot

Answer 59

talipes