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medterm > chapter 4: skeletal system pathology > Flashcards

chapter 4: skeletal system pathology Flashcards

1
Q

healthcare profession concerned with diagnosis and treatment of malalignment conditions of spine and musculoskeletal system with intention of affecting nervous system and improving health; healthcare professional is a chiropractor

A

chiropractic

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2
Q

branch of medicine specializing in diagnosis and treatment of conditions of musculoskeletal system; also called orthopedic surgery; physician is an orthopedist or orthopedic surgeon; name derived from straightening (ortho/o) deformities in children (ped/o)

A

orthopedics

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3
Q

healthcare profession specializing in making orthopedic appliances such as braces and splints; person skilled in making and adjusting these appliances is an orthotist; orthotic is the appliance

A

orthotics

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4
Q

healthcare profession specializing in diagnosis and treatment of disorders of feet and lower legs; healthcare professional is a podiatrist

A

podiatry

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5
Q

healthcare profession specializing in making artificial body parts; person skilled in making and adjusting prostheses is a prosthetist; prothesis is a manufactured substitute for any missing body part, such as a artificial leg

A

prosthetics

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6
Q

branch of medicine (subspecialty of internal medicine) specializing in diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal and autoimmune conditions affecting joints, muscles, and bones; physician is a rheumatologist

A

rheumatology

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7
Q

joint pain

A

arthralgia

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8
Q

inflammation of a bursa

A

bursitis

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9
Q

mass of bone tissue that forms at fracture site during its healing

A

callus

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10
Q

softening of cartilage

A

chondromalacia

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11
Q

noise produced by bones or cartilage rubbing together in conditions such as arthritis; also called crepitus

A

crepitation

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12
Q

bone pain

A

ostealgia

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13
Q

inflammation of synovial membrane

A

synovitis

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14
Q

fracture in which there is no open skin wound; also called a simple fracture

A

closed fracture

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15
Q

common type of wrist fracture

A

colles’ fracture

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16
Q

fracture in which bone is shattered. splintered, or crushed into many small pieces or fragments

A

comminuted fracture

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17
Q

fracture in which bone has broken through skin; also called an open fracture

A

compound fracture

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18
Q

fracture involving loss of height of a vertebral body; may be result of trauma, but in older people, especially women, may be caused by conditions like osteoporosis

A

compression fracture

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19
Q

broken bone

A

fracture

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20
Q

fracture in which there is an incomplete break; one side of bone is broken and other side is bent; fracture type commonly found in children due to their softer and more pliable bone structure

A

greenstick fracture

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21
Q

fracture in which bone fragments are pushed into each other

A

impacted fracture

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22
Q

fracture at an angle to bone

A

oblique fracture

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23
Q

fracture caused by diseased or weakened bone

A

pathologic fracture

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24
Q

fracture in which fracture line spirals around shaft of bone; can be caused by twisting injury and is often slower to heal than other types of fractures

A

spiral fracture

25
Q

slight fracture caused by repetitive, low-impact forces, like running, rather than single, forceful impact

A

stress fracture

26
Q

complete fracture that is straight across bone at right angles to long axis of bone

A

transverse fracture

27
Q

tumor, usually benign, that forms in cartilage

A

chondroma

28
Q

malignant growth found in shaft of long bones that spreads through periosteum; removal is treatment of choice because tumor will metastasize or spread to other organs

A

Ewings sacroma

29
Q

bony, outward projection from surface of a bone; also called bone spur

A

exostosis

30
Q

tumor that forms in bone marrow tissue

A

myeloma

31
Q

tumor, usually benign, that consists of both bone and cartilage tissue

A

osteochondroma

32
Q

most common type of bone cancer; usually begins in osteocytes found at ends of long bones; also called osteosarcoma

A

osteogenic sarcoma

33
Q

tumor found in bone tissue

A

osteoma

34
Q

softening of bones caused by deficiency of calcium; thought to be caused by insufficient sunlight and vitamin D in children

A

osteomalacia

35
Q

inflammation of bone and bone marrow

A

osteomyelitis

36
Q

general term for bone disease

A

osteopathy

37
Q

decrease in bone mass producing a thinning and weakening of bone with resulting fractures; bone becomes more porous, especially in spine and pelvis

A

osteoporosis

38
Q

fairly common metabolic disease of bone from unknown causes; usually attacks middle-age and older adults and is characterized by bone destruction and deformity; named for Sir James Paget, a british surgeon

A

Paget’s disease

39
Q

deficiency in calcium vitamin D found in early childhood that results in bone deformities, especially bowed legs

A

rickets

40
Q

inflammatory spinal condition resembling rheumatoid arthritis and results in gradual stiffening and fusion of vertebrae; more common in men than in women

A

ankylosing spondylitis

41
Q

herination or protrusion of interverebral disk; also called herniated disk or ruptured disk; may require surgery

A

herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP)

42
Q

abnormal increase in outward curvature of thoracic spine; also known as hunchback or humpback

A

kyphosis

43
Q

abnormal increase in forward curvature of lumbar spine; also known as swayback

A

lordosis

44
Q

abnormal lateral curvature of spine

A

scoliosis

45
Q

congenital anomaly occurring when vertebra fails to fully form around spinal cord

A

spina bifida

46
Q

narrowing of spinal canal causing pressure on on cord and nerves

A

spinal stenosis

47
Q

forward sliding of lumbar vertebra over vertebra below it

A

spondylolisthesis

48
Q

specifically refers to ankylosing of spine, but commonly used in reference to any degenerative condition of vertebral column

A

spondylosis

49
Q

cervical muscle and ligament sprain or strain as a result of sudden movement forward or backward of head and neck; can occur as a result of rear-end auto collision

A

whiplash

50
Q

inflammation of bursa of first metatarsophalangeal joint (base of big toe)

A

bunion

51
Q

occurs when bones in a joint are displaced from normal alignment and ends of bones are no longer in contact

A

dislocation

52
Q

type of arthritis presenting as pain and swelling usually in first metatarsophalangeal joint; caused by high uric acid blood level resulting in uric acid crystals being deposited in soft tissue more common in men

A

gout

53
Q

arthritis resulting in degeneration of bones and joints; especially those bearing weight; results in bone rubbing against bone also called degenerative joint disease (DJD)

A

osteoarthritis (OA)

54
Q

pain and swelling in bursa located between patella and skin; seen often in persons who kneel frequently; commonly called housemaids knee

A

prepatellar bursitis

55
Q

chronic form of arthritis with inflammation of joints, swelling, stiffness, pain and changed in cartilage that can result in crippling deformities; considered to be autoimmune disease

A

rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

56
Q

damage to ligaments surrounding a joint due to over stretching, but no dislocation of joint or fracture of bone

A

sprain

57
Q

incomplete dislocation; joint alignment is disrupted, but ends of bones remain in contact

A

subluxation

58
Q

chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of connective tissue affecting many systems that may include joint pain and arthritis, may be mistaken for rheumatoid arthritis

A

systemic lupus erythematosus

59
Q

congenital deformity causing misalignment of ankle joint and foot; also referred to as clubfoot

A

talipes

medterm (11 decks)

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