chapter 4 muscular system pathology

Question 1

science that studies movement how it is produced and muscles involved

Answer 1

kinesiology

Question 2

assists person to regain, develop and improve skills important for independent functioning (activities or daily living) specialist is occupational therapist

Answer 2

occupational therapy (OT)

Question 3

branch of medicine focused on restoring function; primarily cares for patients with musculoskeletal and nervous system disorders; physician is a physiatrist

Answer 3

physical medicine

Question 4

evaluation and treatment of disorders and rehabilitation of people using physical methods such as heat, cold, massage. and exercise, specialist is a physical therapist

Answer 4

physical therapy (PT)

Question 5

scar tissue forming in fascia surrounding muscle, making it difficult to stretch muscle

Answer 5

adhesion

Question 6

lack of muscle tone

Answer 6

atonia

Question 7

poor muscle development as a result of muscle disease, nervous system disease or lack of use; commonly referred to as muscle wasting

Answer 7

atrophy

Question 8

having slow movements

Answer 8

bradykinesia

Question 9

abnormal shortening of muscle fibers, tendons, or fascia, making it difficult to stretch muscle

Answer 9

contracture

Question 10

having difficult or abnormal movement

Answer 10

dyskinesia

Question 11

having abnormal muscle tone

Answer 11

dystonia

Question 12

having excessive amount of movement

Answer 12

hyperkinesia

Question 13

having excessive muscle tone

Answer 13

hypertonia

Question 14

increase in muscle bulk as a result of use, as with lifting weights

Answer 14

hypertrophy

Question 15

having insufficient amount of movement

Answer 15

hypokinesia

Question 16

having insufficient muscle tone

Answer 16

hypotonia

Question 17

attacks of severe pain and lameness caused by ischemia of muscles, typically calf muscles; brought on by walking even very short distances

Answer 17

intermittent claudication

Question 18

muscle pain

Answer 18

myalgia

Question 19

muscle weakness

Answer 19

myasthenia

Question 20

muscle tone

Answer 20

myotonia

Question 21

sudden, involuntary, strong muscle contraction

Answer 21

spasm

Question 22

tendon pain

Answer 22

tenodynia

Question 23

condition with widespread aching and pain in muscles and soft tissue

Answer 23

fibromyalgia

Question 24

inflammation of muscle attachment to lateral epicondyle of elbow; often caused by strongly gripping; commonly called tennis elbow

Answer 24

lateral epicondylitis

Question 25

inherited disease causing progressive muscle degeneration, weakness, and atrophy

Answer 25

muscular dystrophy (MD)

Question 26

general term for muscle disease

Answer 26

myopathy

Question 27

tearing in muscle

Answer 27

myorrhexis

Question 28

infection, usually bacterial, that results in death or body’s soft tissue (skin, fat, and fascia) commonly called flesh-eating disease

Answer 28

necrotizing fascilitis (NF)

Question 29

simultaneous inflammation of two or more muscles

Answer 29

polymyositis

Question 30

type of inherited muscular dystrophy in which muscle tissue is gradually replaced by fatty tissue, giving appearance of a healthy and strong muscle; also called Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy

Answer 30

pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy

Question 31

severe neck spasms pulling head to one side; commonly called wryneck or a crick in the neck

Answer 31

torticollis

Question 32

repetitive motion disorder with pain caused by compression of finger flexor tendons and median nerve as they pass through carpal tunnel of wrist

Answer 32

carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)

Question 33

cyst that forms on tendon sheath, usually on hand, wrist or ankle

Answer 33

ganglion cyst

Question 34

group of chronic disorders involving tendon, muscle, joint and nerve damage, resulting from tissue being subjected to pressure, vibration, or repetitive movements for prolonged periods

Answer 34

repetitive motion disorder

Question 35

rotator cuff consists of joint capsule of shoulder joint reinforced by tendons from several shoulder muscles; high degree of flexibility at shoulder joint puts rotator cuff at risk for strain and tearing

Answer 35

rotator cuff injury

Question 36

damage to muscle, tendons, or ligaments due to overuse or overstretching

Answer 36

strain

Question 37

inflammation of a tendon

Answer 37

tendinitis