chapter 4 muscular system pathology Flashcards
science that studies movement how it is produced and muscles involved
kinesiology
assists person to regain, develop and improve skills important for independent functioning (activities or daily living) specialist is occupational therapist
occupational therapy (OT)
branch of medicine focused on restoring function; primarily cares for patients with musculoskeletal and nervous system disorders; physician is a physiatrist
physical medicine
evaluation and treatment of disorders and rehabilitation of people using physical methods such as heat, cold, massage. and exercise, specialist is a physical therapist
physical therapy (PT)
scar tissue forming in fascia surrounding muscle, making it difficult to stretch muscle
adhesion
lack of muscle tone
atonia
poor muscle development as a result of muscle disease, nervous system disease or lack of use; commonly referred to as muscle wasting
atrophy
having slow movements
bradykinesia
abnormal shortening of muscle fibers, tendons, or fascia, making it difficult to stretch muscle
contracture
having difficult or abnormal movement
dyskinesia
having abnormal muscle tone
dystonia
having excessive amount of movement
hyperkinesia
having excessive muscle tone
hypertonia
increase in muscle bulk as a result of use, as with lifting weights
hypertrophy
having insufficient amount of movement
hypokinesia
having insufficient muscle tone
hypotonia
attacks of severe pain and lameness caused by ischemia of muscles, typically calf muscles; brought on by walking even very short distances
intermittent claudication
muscle pain
myalgia
muscle weakness
myasthenia
muscle tone
myotonia
sudden, involuntary, strong muscle contraction
spasm
tendon pain
tenodynia
condition with widespread aching and pain in muscles and soft tissue
fibromyalgia
inflammation of muscle attachment to lateral epicondyle of elbow; often caused by strongly gripping; commonly called tennis elbow
lateral epicondylitis
inherited disease causing progressive muscle degeneration, weakness, and atrophy
muscular dystrophy (MD)
general term for muscle disease
myopathy
tearing in muscle
myorrhexis
infection, usually bacterial, that results in death or body’s soft tissue (skin, fat, and fascia) commonly called flesh-eating disease
necrotizing fascilitis (NF)
simultaneous inflammation of two or more muscles
polymyositis
type of inherited muscular dystrophy in which muscle tissue is gradually replaced by fatty tissue, giving appearance of a healthy and strong muscle; also called Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy
pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy
severe neck spasms pulling head to one side; commonly called wryneck or a crick in the neck
torticollis
repetitive motion disorder with pain caused by compression of finger flexor tendons and median nerve as they pass through carpal tunnel of wrist
carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)
cyst that forms on tendon sheath, usually on hand, wrist or ankle
ganglion cyst
group of chronic disorders involving tendon, muscle, joint and nerve damage, resulting from tissue being subjected to pressure, vibration, or repetitive movements for prolonged periods
repetitive motion disorder
rotator cuff consists of joint capsule of shoulder joint reinforced by tendons from several shoulder muscles; high degree of flexibility at shoulder joint puts rotator cuff at risk for strain and tearing
rotator cuff injury
damage to muscle, tendons, or ligaments due to overuse or overstretching
strain
inflammation of a tendon
tendinitis
