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Medical Terminology > Chapter 4-Skeletal System-Exam 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 4-Skeletal System-Exam 2 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

ankyl/o

A

stiff joint

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2
Q

arthr/o

A

joint

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3
Q

articul/o

A

joint

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4
Q

burs/o

A

sac

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5
Q

carp/o

A

wrist

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6
Q

cervic/o

A

neck

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7
Q

chondr/o

A

cartilage

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8
Q

clavicul/o

A

clavicle

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9
Q

coccyg/o

A

coccyx

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10
Q

cortic/o

A

outer portion

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11
Q

cost/o

A

rib

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12
Q

crani/o

A

skull

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13
Q

femor/o

A

femur

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14
Q

fibul/o

A

fibula

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15
Q

humer/o

A

humerus

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16
Q

ili/o

A

ilium

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17
Q

ischi/o

A

ischium

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18
Q

kyph/o

A

hump

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19
Q

lamin/o

A

lamina, part of vertebra

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20
Q

lord/o

A

bent backwards

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21
Q

lumb/o

A

loin

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22
Q

mandibul/o

A

mandible

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23
Q

maxill/o

A

maxilla

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24
Q

medull/o

A

inner portion

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25
Q

metacarp/o

A

metacarpals

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26
Q

metatars/o

A

metatarsals

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27
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow, spinal cord

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28
Q

orth/o

A

straight

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29
Q

oste/o

A

bone

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30
Q

patell/o

A

patella

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31
Q

ped/o

A

child, foot

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32
Q

pelv/o

A

pelvis

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33
Q

phalang/o

A

phalanges

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34
Q

pod/o

A

foot

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35
Q

pub/o

A

pubis

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36
Q

radi/o

A

radius

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37
Q

sacr/o

A

sacrum

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38
Q

scapul/o

A

scapula

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39
Q

scoli/o

A

crooked, bent

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40
Q

spondyl/o

A

vertebrae

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41
Q

stern/o

A

sternum

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42
Q

synovi/o

A

synovial membrane

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43
Q

synov/o

A

synovial membrane

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44
Q

tars/o

A

ankle

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45
Q

thorac/o

A

chest

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46
Q

tibi/o

A

tibia

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47
Q

ulnl/o

A

ulna

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48
Q

vertebr/o

A

vertebra

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49
Q

-blast

A

immature, embryonic

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50
Q

-clasia

A

to surgically break

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51
Q

-desis

A

stabilize, fuse

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52
Q

-listhesis

A

slipping

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53
Q

-porosis

A

porous

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54
Q

bone marrow

A

soft tissue found inside cavities in bones; produces red blood cells

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55
Q

bone

A

a type of connective tissue and an organ of the musculoskeletal system. They provide support for the body and serve as sites of muscle attachments

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56
Q

joint

A

the point at which two bones meet. It provides flexibility

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57
Q

ligaments

A

very strong bands of connective tissue that bind bones together at a joint

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58
Q

skeleton

A

bones forming the framework for the body; site for skeletal muscle attachments

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59
Q

cartilage

A

strong, flexible connective tissue found in several locations of the body, such as covering the ends of bones in a synovial joint, nasal septum, external ear, eustachian tube, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and the intervertebral disks

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60
Q

osseous tissue

A

bony tissue. One of the hardest tissues in the body

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61
Q

ossification

A

the process of bone formation

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62
Q

osteoblast

A

an embryonic bone cell

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63
Q

osteocyte

A

mature bone cells

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64
Q

articular cartilage

A

layer of cartilage covering the ends of bones forming a synovial joint

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65
Q

cancellous bone

A

the bony tissue found inside a bone. It contains cavities that hold red bone marrow. Aka spongy bone

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66
Q

compact bone

A

the hard exterior surface bone. Aka cortical bone

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67
Q

cortical bone

A

the hard exterior surface bone. Aka compact bone

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68
Q

diaphysis

A

the shaft portion of a long bone

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69
Q

epiphysis

A

the wide ends of a long bone

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70
Q

flat bones

A

a type of bone with a thin flattened shape. Examples include the scapula, ribs, and pelvic bones

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71
Q

irregular bones

A

A type of bone having an irregular shape. Vertebrae are irregular bones

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72
Q

long bones

A

a type of bone that is longer than it is wide. Examples include the femur, humerus, and phalanges

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73
Q

medullary cavity

A

the large open cavity that extends the length of the shaft of a long bone; contains yellow bone marrow

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74
Q

periosteum

A

the membrane that covers most bones. It contains numerous nerves and lymphatic vessels

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75
Q

red bone marrow

A

tissue that manufactures most of the blood cells. It is found in cancellous bone cavities

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76
Q

short bones

A

a type of bone that is roughly cube shaped. The carpals are short bones.

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77
Q

spongy bones

A

the bony tissue found inside a bone. It contains cavities that hold red bone marrow. Aka cancellous bone

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78
Q

yellow bone marrow

A

yellow bone marrow is located mainly in the center of the diaphysis of long bones. It contains mainly fat cells

79
Q

condyle

A

refers to the rounded portion at the end of a bone

80
Q

epicondyle

A

a projection located above or on a condyle

81
Q

fissure

A

a deep groove or slit-type opening

82
Q

foramen

A

a passage or opening through a bone for nerves and blood vessels

83
Q

fossa

A

a shallow cavity or depression within or on the surface of a bone

84
Q

head

A

the large ball-shaped end of a bone. It may be separated from the shaft of the bone by an area called the neck

85
Q

neck

A

a narrow length of bone that connects the ball of a ball-and-socket joint to the diaphysis of a long bone

86
Q

process

A

a projection from the surface of a bone

87
Q

sinus

A

a hollow cavity within a bone

88
Q

trochanter

A

the large blunt process that provides the attachment for tendons and muscles

89
Q

tubercle

A

a small, rounded process that provides the attachment for tendons and muscles

90
Q

tuberosity

A

a large, rounded process that provides the attachment to tendons and muscles

91
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

the appendicular skeleton consists of the bones of the upper and lower extremities, shoulder, and pelvis

92
Q

axial skeleton

A

includes the bones in the head, spine, chest, and trunk

93
Q

cervical vertebrae

A

the seven vertebrae in the neck region

94
Q

coccyx

A

the tailbone, the four small fused vertebrae at the distal end of the vertebral column

95
Q

cranium

A

the skull; bones that form a protective covering over the brain

96
Q

ethmoid bones

A

a cranial bone

97
Q

facial bones

A

the skull bones that surround the mouth, nose, and eyes; muscles for chewing are attached to the facial bones

98
Q

frontal bones

A

the forehead bone of the skull

99
Q

hyoid bone

A

a single, u-shaped bone suspended in the neck between the mandible and larynx. It is a point of attachment for swallowing and speech muscles

100
Q

intervertebral disc

A

fibrous cartilage cushion between vertebrae

101
Q

lacrimal bone

A

a fascial bone

102
Q

lumbar vertebrae

A

the five vertebrae in the low back region

103
Q

mandible

A

the lower jawbone

104
Q

maxilla

A

the upper jawbone

105
Q

nasal bone

A

a fascial bone

106
Q

occipital bone

A

a cranial bone

107
Q

palatine bone

A

a facial bone

108
Q

parietal bone

A

a cranial bone

109
Q

rib cage

A

aka chest cavity. It is the cavity formed by the curved ribs extending form the vertebral column around the sides and attaching to the sternum. The ribs are part of the axial skeleton

110
Q

sacrum

A

the fused vertebrae that form a large flat bone in the upper buttock region

111
Q

sphenoid bone

A

a cranial bone

112
Q

sternum

A

aka the breast bone. It is part of the axial skeleton and the anterior attachment for ribs

113
Q

temporal bone

A

a cranial bone

114
Q

thoracic vertebrae

A

the twelve vertebrae in the chest region

115
Q

vertebral column

A

part of the axial skeleton. It is a column of 26 vertebrae that forms the backbone and protects the spinal cord. It is divided into 5 sections: cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, and coccyx

116
Q

vomer bone

A

a facial bone

117
Q

zygomatic bone

A

a facial bone

118
Q

frontal bone

A

the forehead bone of the skull

119
Q

parietal bone

A

a cranial bone

120
Q

occipital bone

A

a cranial bone

121
Q

temporal bone

A

a cranial bone

122
Q

sphenoid bone

A

a cranial bone

123
Q

ethmoid bone

A

a cranial bone

124
Q

lacrimal bone

A

a facial bone

125
Q

nasal bone

A

a facial bone

126
Q

maxilla

A

the upper jawbone

127
Q

mandible

A

the lower jawbone

128
Q

zygomatic bone

A

a facial bone

129
Q

vomer bone

A

a facial bone

130
Q

palatine bone

A

a facial bone

131
Q

cervical vertebra

A

the seven vertebrae in the neck region

132
Q

thoracic vertebra

A

the 12 vertebrae in the chest region

133
Q

lumbar vertebra

A

the 5 vertebrae in the low back region

134
Q

sacrum

A

the 5 vertebrae that form a large flat bone in the upper buttock region

135
Q

coccyx

A

the tailbone, the 4 small fused vertebrae at the distal end of the vertebral column

136
Q

carpals

A

the wrist bones in the upper extremity

137
Q

clavicle

A

aka collar bone. A bone of the pectoral girdle

138
Q

femur

A

aka thigh bone. It is a lower extremity bone

139
Q

fibula

A

one of the lower leg bones in the lower extremity

140
Q

humerus

A

the upper arm bone in the upper extremity

141
Q

ilium

A

one of the three bones that form the os coxae or innominate bone of the pelvis

142
Q

innominate bone

A

aka os coxae or hip bone. It is the pelvis portion of the lower extremity. It consists of the ilium, ischium, and pubis and unites with the sacrum and coccyx to form the pelvis

143
Q

ischium

A

one of the three bones that form the os coxae or innominate bone of the pelvis

144
Q

lower extremities

A

the leg

145
Q

metacarpals

A

the hand bones in the upper extremity

146
Q

os coxae

A

aka innominate bone or hip bone. It is the pelvis portion. It consists of the ilium, ischium, and pubis and unites with the sacrum and coccyx to form the pelvis

147
Q

patella

A

aka the kneecap. It is a lower extremity bone

148
Q

pectoral girdle

A

consists of the clavicle and scapula; functions to attach the upper extremity to the axial skeleton

149
Q

pelvic girdle

A

consists of the ilium, ischium, and pubis; functions to attach the lower extremity to the axial skeleton

150
Q

phalanges

A

the finger bones in the upper extremities and the toe bones in the lower extremities

151
Q

pubis

A

one of the the three bones that form the os coxae or innominate bone

152
Q

radius

A

one of the forearm bones in the upper extremity

153
Q

scapula

A

aka the shoulder blade. An upper extremity bone

154
Q

tarsals

A

the ankle bones in the lower extremity

155
Q

tibia

A

aka shin bone. It is a lower extremity bone

156
Q

ulna

A

one of the forearm bones in the upper extremity

157
Q

upper extremities

A

the arm

158
Q

clavicle

A

aka the collar bone. A bone of the pectoral girdle

159
Q

scapula

A

aka shoulder blade. An upper extremity bone

160
Q

humerus

A

the upper arm bone in the upper extremity

161
Q

radius

A

one of the forearm bones in the upper extremity

162
Q

ulna

A

one of the forearm bones in the upper extremity

163
Q

carpal

A

the wrist bones in the upper extremity

164
Q

metacarpals

A

the hand bones in the upper extremity

165
Q

metatarsals

A

the ankle bones in the lower extremity. pertaining to the foot bones

166
Q

-algia

A

pain

167
Q

-centesis

A

puncture to withdraw fluid from

168
Q

-clasia

A

surgically breaking

169
Q

-desis

A

fusion of

170
Q

-gram

A

record of

171
Q

-itis

A

inflammation

172
Q

-otomy

A

incision of

173
Q

-scope

A

instrument to view inside

174
Q

-ectomy

A

removal of

175
Q

-malacia

A

softening

176
Q

-oma

A

tumor

177
Q

-plasty

A

surgical repair of

178
Q

-al

A

pertaining to

179
Q

intra-

A

inside

180
Q

-ary

A

pertaining to

181
Q

-pathy

A

disease

182
Q

-tome

A

instrument

183
Q

callus

A

the mass of bone tissue that forms at a fracture site during its healing

184
Q

cast

A

application of a solid material to immobilize an extremity or portion of the body as a result of a fracture, dislocation, or severe injury,. It may be made of plaster of Paris or fiberglass

185
Q

chiropractic

A

healthcare profession concerned with diagnosis and treatment of malalignment conditions of the spine and musculoskeletal system with the intention of affecting the nervous system and improving health. Healthcare professional is a chiropractor

186
Q

crepitation

A

the noise produced by bones or cartilage rubbing together in conditions such as arthritis. aka crepitus

187
Q

exostosis

A

a bone spur

188
Q

kyphosis

A

abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine. Aka hunchback or humpback

189
Q

lordosis

A

abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine. Aka swayback

190
Q

orthopedics

A

branch of medicine specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of the musculoskeletal system. Aka orthopedic surgery. Physician is an othopedist or orthopedic surgery.

191
Q

orthotic

A

a brace or splint used to prevent or correct deformities. Person skilled in making and adjusting orthotics is an orthodontist

192
Q

podiatry

A

Healthcare profession specializing in diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the feet and lower legs. Healthcare professional is a podiatrist

193
Q

prosthesis

A

Artificial device that is used as a substitute for a body part that is either congenitally missing or absent as result of accident or disease.

194
Q

prosthetics

A

healthcare profession specializing in making artificial body parts. Person skilled in making and adjusting prostheses is a prosthetist.

Medical Terminology (6 decks)

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