Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medical Terminology > Chapter 4-Muscular System-Exam 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 4-Muscular System-Exam 2 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

muscle tissue fibers

A

the bundles of muscle tissue that form a muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

muscle tissue

A

tissue that is able to contract and shorten its length, thereby producing movement. Muscle tissue may be under voluntary control (attached to the bones) or involuntary control (heart and digestive organs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

cardiac muscle

A

the involuntary muscle tissue found in the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

involuntary muscles

A

muscles under the control of the subconscious regions of the brain. The smooth muscles found in internal organs and cardiac muscles are examples of involuntary muscle tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

skeletal muscle

A

a voluntary muscle that is attached to bones by a tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

smooth muscle

A

an involuntary muscle found in internal organs such as the digestive organs or blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

voluntary muscles

A

muscles that a person can consciously choose to contract. The skeletal muscles of the arm and leg are examples of this type of muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

fascia

A

connective tissue that wraps muscles. It tapers at each end of a skeletal muscle to form tendons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

motor neurons

A

nerves that carry activity instruction from the CNS to muscles or glands out in the body; aka efferent neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

myoneural junction

A

the point at which a nerve contacts a muscle fiber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

striated muscle

A

another name for skeletal muscle, referring to its striped appearance under the microscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

tendon

A

the strong connective tissue cords that attach skeletal muscles to bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

visceral muscle

A

the muscle found in the walls of internal organs such as the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

myocardium

A

the middle layer of the muscle. It is thick and composed of cardiac muscle. This layer produces the heart contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

biceps

A

an arm muscle named for the number of attachment points. Bi- means two and biceps have two heads attached to the bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

extensor carpi

A

a muscle named for its action, extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

external oblique

A

a muscle named for the direction of its fibers, on an oblique angle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

flexor carpi

A

a muscle named for its action, flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

gluteus maximus

A

a muscle named for its size and location: Gluteus means rump area and maximus means large

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

rectus abdominis

A

a muscle named for its location and direction of its fibers: rectus means straight and abdominis means abdominal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

sternocleidomastoid

A

muscle named for its attachments, the sternum, clavicle, and mastoid process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

action

A

the type of movement a muscle produces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

antagonistic pairs

A

pair of muscles arranged around a joint that produces opposite actions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

insertion

A

the attachment of a skeletal muscle to the more movable bone in the joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

origin

A

the attachment of a skeletal muscle to the less movable bone in the joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

abduction

A

directional term meaning to move away from the median or middle line of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

adduction

A

directional term meaning to move toward the median or middle line of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

flexion

A

act of bending or being bent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

extension

A

movement that brings limb into or toward a straight condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

dorsiflexion

A

backward bending, as of hand or foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

plantar flexion

A

bend sole of foot; point toes downward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

eversion

A

directional term meaning turning outward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

inversion

A

directional term meaning turning inward or inside out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

pronation

A

to turn downward or backward, as with the hand or foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

supination

A

turn the palm or foot upward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

elevation

A

a muscle action that raises a body part, as in shrug the shoulder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

depression

A

a downward movement, as in dropping the shoulders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

circumduction

A

movement in a circular direction from a central point

39
Q

opposition

A

moves thumb away from palm; the ability to move the thumb into contact with the other fingers

40
Q

rotation

A

moving around a central axis

41
Q

fascial

A

CF fasci/o, S -al, pertaining to fascia

42
Q

fasciitis

A

CF fasci/o, S -itis, inflammation of fascia

43
Q

fasciotomy

A

CF fasci/o, S -otomy, incision to fascia

44
Q

kinesiology

A

CF kinesi/o, S -logy, study of movement

45
Q

muscular

A

CF muscul/o, S -ar, pertaining to muscles

46
Q

myalgia

A

CF my/o, S -algia, muscle pain

47
Q

myasthenia

A

CF my/o, S -asthenia, muscle weakness

48
Q

electromyogram

A

CF my/o, electr/o, S -gram, record of muscle electricity

49
Q

myocardial

A

CF my/o, cardi/o, S -al, pertaining to heart muslce

50
Q

myopathy

A

CF my/o, S -pathy, muscle disease

51
Q

myoplasty

A

CF my/o, S -plasty, surgical repair of muscles

52
Q

myorrhaphy

A

CF my/o, S -rrhaphy, suture a muscle

53
Q

myorrhexis

A

CF my/o, S -rrhexis, muscle rupture

54
Q

polymyositis

A

CF myos/o, P poly-, S -itis, inflammation of many muscles

55
Q

tenodynia

A

CF ten/o, S -dynia, tendon pain

56
Q

tenoplasty

A

CF ten/o, S -plasty, surgical repair of a tendon

57
Q

tenorrhaphy

A

CF teno/o, S -rrhaphy, suture a tendon

58
Q

tendoplasty

A

CF tend/o, S -plasty, surgical repair of tendon

59
Q

tendotomy

A

CF tend/o, S -otomy, incision into tendon

60
Q

tendinitis

A

CF tendin/o, S -itis, inflammation of tendon

61
Q

tendinous

A

CF tendin/o, S -ous, pertaining to tendons

62
Q

bradykinesia

A

P brady-, S -kinesia, slow movement

63
Q

dyskinesia

A

P dys-, S -kinesia, difficult or painful movement

64
Q

hyperkinesia

A

P hyper-, S -kinesia, excessive movement

65
Q

hypokinesia

A

P hypo-, S -kinesia, insufficient movement

66
Q

atonia

A

P a-, S -tonia, lack of tone

67
Q

dystonia

A

P dys-, S -tonia, abnormal tone

68
Q

hypertonia

A

P hyper-, S -tonia, excessive tone

69
Q

hypotonia

A

P hypo-, S -tonia, insufficient tone

70
Q

myotonia

A

P my/o, S -tonia, muscle tone

71
Q

adhesion

A

scar tissue forming in the fascia surrounding a muscle making it difficult to stretch the muscle

72
Q

atrophy

A

lack or loss of normal development

73
Q

contracture

A

an abnormal shortening of a muscle, making it difficult to stretch the muscle

74
Q

hypertrophy

A

an increase in the bulk or size of a tissue or structure

75
Q

intermittent claudication

A

attacks of severe pain and lameness caused by ischemia of the muscles, typically the calf muscles; brought on by walking very short distances

76
Q

spasm

A

a sudden, involuntary, strong muscle contraction

77
Q

torticollis

A

severe neck spasms pulling the head to one side; commonly called wryneck or a crick in the neck

78
Q

fibromyalgia

A

a condition with widespread aching and pain in the muscles and soft tissue

79
Q

lateral epicondylitis

A

inflammation of the muscle attachment to the lateral epicondyle of the elbow; often caused by strongly gripping, aka tennis elbow

80
Q

muscular dystrophy

A

inherited disease causing a progressive muscle weakness and atrophy

81
Q

pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy

A

one type of inherited muscular dystrophy in which the muscle tissue is gradually replaced by fatty tissue, making the muscle look strong

82
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A

a painful disorder of the wrist and hand, induced by the compression of the median nerve as it passes under ligaments on the palm side of the wrist. Symptoms include weakness, pain, burning, tingling, and aching in the forearm, wrist, and hand

83
Q

ganglion cyst

A

cyst that forms on tendon sheath, usually on hand, wrist or ankle

84
Q

repetitive motion disorder

A

group of chronic disorders involving the tendon, muscle, joint, and nerve damage, resulting from the tissue being subjected to pressure, vibration, or repetitive movements for prolonged periods

85
Q

rotator cuff injury

A

the rotator cuff consists of the joint capsule of the shoulder joint that is reinforced by the tendons from several shoulder muscles; at high risk for strain or tearing injuries

86
Q

strain

A

trauma to muscle from excessive stretching or pulling

87
Q

creatine phosphokinase

A

a muscle enzyme found in skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle; blood test becomes elevated in disorders such as heart attack, muscular dystrophy, and other skeletal muscle pathologies

88
Q

deep tendon reflex

A

muscle contraction in response to a stretch caused by striking the muscle tendon with a reflex hammer; test used to determine if muscles are responding properly

89
Q

electromyography

A

recording of the electrical patterns of a muscle in order to diagnose diseases

90
Q

muscle biopsy

A

removal of muscle tissue for pathological examination

91
Q

carpal tunnel release

A

surgical cutting of the ligament in the wrist to relieve nerve pressure caused by carpal tunnel disease, which can be caused by repetitive motion such as typing

92
Q

tenodesis

A

surgical procedure to stabilize a joint by anchoring down the tendons of the muscles that move the joint

93
Q

skeletal muscle relaxants

A

produces the relaxation of skeletal muscle

Medical Terminology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions