Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Medical Terminology > Chapter 4-Muscular System-Exam 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 4-Muscular System-Exam 2 Flashcards

(93 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

muscle tissue fibers

A

the bundles of muscle tissue that form a muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

muscle tissue

A

tissue that is able to contract and shorten its length, thereby producing movement. Muscle tissue may be under voluntary control (attached to the bones) or involuntary control (heart and digestive organs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

cardiac muscle

A

the involuntary muscle tissue found in the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

involuntary muscles

A

muscles under the control of the subconscious regions of the brain. The smooth muscles found in internal organs and cardiac muscles are examples of involuntary muscle tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

skeletal muscle

A

a voluntary muscle that is attached to bones by a tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

smooth muscle

A

an involuntary muscle found in internal organs such as the digestive organs or blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

voluntary muscles

A

muscles that a person can consciously choose to contract. The skeletal muscles of the arm and leg are examples of this type of muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

fascia

A

connective tissue that wraps muscles. It tapers at each end of a skeletal muscle to form tendons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

motor neurons

A

nerves that carry activity instruction from the CNS to muscles or glands out in the body; aka efferent neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

myoneural junction

A

the point at which a nerve contacts a muscle fiber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

striated muscle

A

another name for skeletal muscle, referring to its striped appearance under the microscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

tendon

A

the strong connective tissue cords that attach skeletal muscles to bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

visceral muscle

A

the muscle found in the walls of internal organs such as the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

myocardium

A

the middle layer of the muscle. It is thick and composed of cardiac muscle. This layer produces the heart contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

biceps

A

an arm muscle named for the number of attachment points. Bi- means two and biceps have two heads attached to the bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

extensor carpi

A

a muscle named for its action, extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

external oblique

A

a muscle named for the direction of its fibers, on an oblique angle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

flexor carpi

A

a muscle named for its action, flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

gluteus maximus

A

a muscle named for its size and location: Gluteus means rump area and maximus means large

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

rectus abdominis

A

a muscle named for its location and direction of its fibers: rectus means straight and abdominis means abdominal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

sternocleidomastoid

A

muscle named for its attachments, the sternum, clavicle, and mastoid process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

action

A

the type of movement a muscle produces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

antagonistic pairs

A

pair of muscles arranged around a joint that produces opposite actions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

insertion

A

the attachment of a skeletal muscle to the more movable bone in the joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
origin
the attachment of a skeletal muscle to the less movable bone in the joint
26
abduction
directional term meaning to move away from the median or middle line of the body
27
adduction
directional term meaning to move toward the median or middle line of the body
28
flexion
act of bending or being bent
29
extension
movement that brings limb into or toward a straight condition
30
dorsiflexion
backward bending, as of hand or foot
31
plantar flexion
bend sole of foot; point toes downward
32
eversion
directional term meaning turning outward
33
inversion
directional term meaning turning inward or inside out
34
pronation
to turn downward or backward, as with the hand or foot
35
supination
turn the palm or foot upward
36
elevation
a muscle action that raises a body part, as in shrug the shoulder
37
depression
a downward movement, as in dropping the shoulders
38
circumduction
movement in a circular direction from a central point
39
opposition
moves thumb away from palm; the ability to move the thumb into contact with the other fingers
40
rotation
moving around a central axis
41
fascial
CF fasci/o, S -al, pertaining to fascia
42
fasciitis
CF fasci/o, S -itis, inflammation of fascia
43
fasciotomy
CF fasci/o, S -otomy, incision to fascia
44
kinesiology
CF kinesi/o, S -logy, study of movement
45
muscular
CF muscul/o, S -ar, pertaining to muscles
46
myalgia
CF my/o, S -algia, muscle pain
47
myasthenia
CF my/o, S -asthenia, muscle weakness
48
electromyogram
CF my/o, electr/o, S -gram, record of muscle electricity
49
myocardial
CF my/o, cardi/o, S -al, pertaining to heart muslce
50
myopathy
CF my/o, S -pathy, muscle disease
51
myoplasty
CF my/o, S -plasty, surgical repair of muscles
52
myorrhaphy
CF my/o, S -rrhaphy, suture a muscle
53
myorrhexis
CF my/o, S -rrhexis, muscle rupture
54
polymyositis
CF myos/o, P poly-, S -itis, inflammation of many muscles
55
tenodynia
CF ten/o, S -dynia, tendon pain
56
tenoplasty
CF ten/o, S -plasty, surgical repair of a tendon
57
tenorrhaphy
CF teno/o, S -rrhaphy, suture a tendon
58
tendoplasty
CF tend/o, S -plasty, surgical repair of tendon
59
tendotomy
CF tend/o, S -otomy, incision into tendon
60
tendinitis
CF tendin/o, S -itis, inflammation of tendon
61
tendinous
CF tendin/o, S -ous, pertaining to tendons
62
bradykinesia
P brady-, S -kinesia, slow movement
63
dyskinesia
P dys-, S -kinesia, difficult or painful movement
64
hyperkinesia
P hyper-, S -kinesia, excessive movement
65
hypokinesia
P hypo-, S -kinesia, insufficient movement
66
atonia
P a-, S -tonia, lack of tone
67
dystonia
P dys-, S -tonia, abnormal tone
68
hypertonia
P hyper-, S -tonia, excessive tone
69
hypotonia
P hypo-, S -tonia, insufficient tone
70
myotonia
P my/o, S -tonia, muscle tone
71
adhesion
scar tissue forming in the fascia surrounding a muscle making it difficult to stretch the muscle
72
atrophy
lack or loss of normal development
73
contracture
an abnormal shortening of a muscle, making it difficult to stretch the muscle
74
hypertrophy
an increase in the bulk or size of a tissue or structure
75
intermittent claudication
attacks of severe pain and lameness caused by ischemia of the muscles, typically the calf muscles; brought on by walking very short distances
76
spasm
a sudden, involuntary, strong muscle contraction
77
torticollis
severe neck spasms pulling the head to one side; commonly called wryneck or a crick in the neck
78
fibromyalgia
a condition with widespread aching and pain in the muscles and soft tissue
79
lateral epicondylitis
inflammation of the muscle attachment to the lateral epicondyle of the elbow; often caused by strongly gripping, aka tennis elbow
80
muscular dystrophy
inherited disease causing a progressive muscle weakness and atrophy
81
pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy
one type of inherited muscular dystrophy in which the muscle tissue is gradually replaced by fatty tissue, making the muscle look strong
82
carpal tunnel syndrome
a painful disorder of the wrist and hand, induced by the compression of the median nerve as it passes under ligaments on the palm side of the wrist. Symptoms include weakness, pain, burning, tingling, and aching in the forearm, wrist, and hand
83
ganglion cyst
cyst that forms on tendon sheath, usually on hand, wrist or ankle
84
repetitive motion disorder
group of chronic disorders involving the tendon, muscle, joint, and nerve damage, resulting from the tissue being subjected to pressure, vibration, or repetitive movements for prolonged periods
85
rotator cuff injury
the rotator cuff consists of the joint capsule of the shoulder joint that is reinforced by the tendons from several shoulder muscles; at high risk for strain or tearing injuries
86
strain
trauma to muscle from excessive stretching or pulling
87
creatine phosphokinase
a muscle enzyme found in skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle; blood test becomes elevated in disorders such as heart attack, muscular dystrophy, and other skeletal muscle pathologies
88
deep tendon reflex
muscle contraction in response to a stretch caused by striking the muscle tendon with a reflex hammer; test used to determine if muscles are responding properly
89
electromyography
recording of the electrical patterns of a muscle in order to diagnose diseases
90
muscle biopsy
removal of muscle tissue for pathological examination
91
carpal tunnel release
surgical cutting of the ligament in the wrist to relieve nerve pressure caused by carpal tunnel disease, which can be caused by repetitive motion such as typing
92
tenodesis
surgical procedure to stabilize a joint by anchoring down the tendons of the muscles that move the joint
93
skeletal muscle relaxants
produces the relaxation of skeletal muscle

Medical Terminology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions