Chapter 4 Skeletal System Anatomy: Bone Tissue

Question 1

What are the 5 functions of the skeleton?

Answer 1

support for body
organ protection
blood cell formation
movement
fat and mineral storage

Question 2

Composition of bones?

Answer 2

osseous tissue

Question 3

Osteocyte

Answer 3

bone cell

Question 4

Lacunae

Answer 4

cavities for cells

Question 5

What are the minerals in bones?

Answer 5

calcium and phosphorus

Question 6

What are the rings in bones?

Answer 6

rings of collagen

Question 7

The types of bone tissue

Answer 7

Cortical (compact) bone
Trabecular (spongy) bone

Question 8

Diaphysis

Answer 8

length of bone (elongated region)

Question 9

Epiphysis

Answer 9

wider end of bone

Question 10

What kind of bone and marrow can be found in Diaphysis?

Answer 10

mostly cortical bone and yellow fat marrow

Question 11

What kind of bone and marrow can be found in Epiphysis?

Answer 11

mostly trabecular bone and red blood marrow

Question 12

What hollow cavity is in Diaphysis?

Answer 12

medullary cavity

Question 13

What membrane is around Diaphysis?

Answer 13

Periosteum

Question 14

What fibers hold the Periosteum membrane?

Answer 14

Sharpey’s fibers

Question 15

What does the Periosteum allow to enter?

Answer 15

blood vessels and nerves

Question 16

What is the membrane lining around the medullary cavity?

Answer 16

Endosteum

Question 17

Concentric rings

Answer 17

lamellae

Question 18

Smallest structural unit of compact bone

Answer 18

osteon

Question 19

Smaller canals to cells

Answer 19

canaliculi

Question 20

What is the vertical (Itaversian) canal that has blood vessels, nerves, etc.

Answer 20

central canal

Question 21

What are the horizontal (Volksmanns) canal

Answer 21

perforating canal

Question 22

Osteoblast

Answer 22

bone cell that builds bone tissue

Question 23

Osteoclast

Answer 23

bone cell that destroys bone tissue

Question 24

Ossification

Answer 24

formation of bone

Question 25

Epiphysial plate

Answer 25

growth plate

Question 26

Growth plate

Answer 26

elongation of long bones

Question 27

An adult has what kind of bone growth?

Answer 27

Circumferential growth

Question 28

What is bone remodeling stimulated by

Answer 28

force and gravity

Question 29

How can you increase your % of osteoblasts

Answer 29

Exercise/ weightlifting

Question 30

How can you decrease your % of osteoblasts

Answer 30

lack of inactivity, bedridden, astronaut

Question 31

Where is calcium stored

Answer 31

matrix of tissue

Question 32

Calcium is good for

Answer 32

strength muscle contraction nerve transmission blood clotting

Question 33

Negative Feedback loop for high blood calcium

Answer 33

S: blood calcium is high CC: brain directs thyroid gland to secrete calcitonin hormone R:causes osteoclasts to reduce activity

Question 34

Negative Feedback loop for low blood calcium

Answer 34

S: blood calcium is low CC: brain directs parathyroid gland to secrete parathyroid hormone R:causes osteoclasts to increase activity

Question 35

Osteoporosis

Answer 35

porous bone

Question 36

What is osteoporosis most common in

Answer 36

women and elderly

Question 37

Early stage of osteoporosis

Answer 37

osteopenia

Question 38

Osteomyelitis

Answer 38

infection in bone marrow due to bacteria in bloodstream

Question 39

abscess

Answer 39

pus

Question 40

How can Osteomyelitis treatable

Answer 40

intravenous antibiotics or surgery

Question 41

Osteochondritis

Answer 41

condition of bone and cartilage in knee when quads are overused, usually during growth

Question 42

What treatment is there for Osteochondrosis

Answer 42

Rest, Ice, patellar tendon strap

Question 43

The 2 kinds of fractures

Answer 43

Simple Compound

Question 44

Stress fracture

Answer 44

microfracture

Question 45

Spiral fracture

Answer 45

twist

Question 46

Comminuted fracture

Answer 46

3 or more pieces

Question 47

Greenstick fracture

Answer 47

incomplete break, bent

Question 48

1st step in healing process

Answer 48

hematoma formation

Question 49

2nd step in healing process

Answer 49

Fibrocartilage callus formation

Question 50

3rd step in healing process

Answer 50

Bony callus formation

Question 51

Last step in healing process

Answer 51

bone remodeling