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Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 4 Skeletal System Anatomy: Bone Tissue > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Skeletal System Anatomy: Bone Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 functions of the skeleton?

A

support for body
organ protection
blood cell formation
movement
fat and mineral storage

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2
Q

Composition of bones?

A

osseous tissue

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3
Q

Osteocyte

A

bone cell

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4
Q

Lacunae

A

cavities for cells

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5
Q

What are the minerals in bones?

A

calcium and phosphorus

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6
Q

What are the rings in bones?

A

rings of collagen

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7
Q

The types of bone tissue

A

Cortical (compact) bone
Trabecular (spongy) bone

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8
Q

Diaphysis

A

length of bone (elongated region)

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9
Q

Epiphysis

A

wider end of bone

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10
Q

What kind of bone and marrow can be found in Diaphysis?

A

mostly cortical bone and yellow fat marrow

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11
Q

What kind of bone and marrow can be found in Epiphysis?

A

mostly trabecular bone and red blood marrow

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12
Q

What hollow cavity is in Diaphysis?

A

medullary cavity

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13
Q

What membrane is around Diaphysis?

A

Periosteum

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14
Q

What fibers hold the Periosteum membrane?

A

Sharpey’s fibers

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15
Q

What does the Periosteum allow to enter?

A

blood vessels and nerves

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16
Q

What is the membrane lining around the medullary cavity?

A

Endosteum

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17
Q

Concentric rings

A

lamellae

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18
Q

Smallest structural unit of compact bone

A

osteon

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19
Q

Smaller canals to cells

A

canaliculi

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20
Q

What is the vertical (Itaversian) canal that has blood vessels, nerves, etc.

A

central canal

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21
Q

What are the horizontal (Volksmanns) canal

A

perforating canal

22
Q

Osteoblast

A

bone cell that builds bone tissue

23
Q

Osteoclast

A

bone cell that destroys bone tissue

24
Q

Ossification

A

formation of bone

25
Q

Epiphysial plate

A

growth plate

26
Q

Growth plate

A

elongation of long bones

27
Q

An adult has what kind of bone growth?

A

Circumferential growth

28
Q

What is bone remodeling stimulated by

A

force and gravity

29
Q

How can you increase your % of osteoblasts

A

Exercise/ weightlifting

30
Q

How can you decrease your % of osteoblasts

A

lack of inactivity, bedridden, astronaut

31
Q

Where is calcium stored

A

matrix of tissue

32
Q

Calcium is good for

A

strength
muscle contraction
nerve transmission
blood clotting

33
Q

Negative Feedback loop for high blood calcium

A

S: blood calcium is high
CC: brain directs thyroid gland to secrete calcitonin hormone
R:causes osteoclasts to reduce activity

34
Q

Negative Feedback loop for low blood calcium

A

S: blood calcium is low
CC: brain directs parathyroid gland to secrete parathyroid hormone
R:causes osteoclasts to increase activity

35
Q

Osteoporosis

A

porous bone

36
Q

What is osteoporosis most common in

A

women and elderly

37
Q

Early stage of osteoporosis

A

osteopenia

38
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

infection in bone marrow due to bacteria in bloodstream

39
Q

abscess

A

pus

40
Q

How can Osteomyelitis treatable

A

intravenous antibiotics or surgery

41
Q

Osteochondritis

A

condition of bone and cartilage in knee when quads are overused, usually during growth

42
Q

What treatment is there for Osteochondrosis

A

Rest, Ice, patellar tendon strap

43
Q

The 2 kinds of fractures

A

Simple
Compound

44
Q

Stress fracture

A

microfracture

45
Q

Spiral fracture

A

twist

46
Q

Comminuted fracture

A

3 or more pieces

47
Q

Greenstick fracture

A

incomplete break, bent

48
Q

1st step in healing process

A

hematoma formation

49
Q

2nd step in healing process

A

Fibrocartilage callus formation

50
Q

3rd step in healing process

A

Bony callus formation

51
Q

Last step in healing process

A

bone remodeling

Anatomy and Physiology (3 decks)

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