Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy and Physiology > Anatomy Final Exam > Flashcards

Anatomy Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Function of medulla oblongata

A

regulates breathing
heart rate control
reflexes (sneezing, coughing, vomiting)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

afferent neurons

A

sensory- carry info from sensory receptors to CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

efferent neurons

A

motor-carry info from CNS to muscles and glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Function of occipital lobe

A

visual cortex
visual recognition
receives info from retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Symptoms of lewy body dementia

A

MCI-mild cognitive impairment
Mental-hallucinations, REM sleep disorder
Physical-hunched over, shuffling feet, expressionless face

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

3 meningeal layers

A

Dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

location of dura mater

A

outermost layer
thickest
deep to skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

location of arachnoid mater

A

middle layer
web-like
subarachnoid space (cerebrospinal fluid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

parts of the neuron

A

dendrite
axon
cell body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Function of a dendrite

A

extensions
receive info

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

function of an axon

A

extensions
sends signal out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

function of a cell body

A

nucleus and organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

function of thalamus

A

regulates wakefulness and alertness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

function of Wernicke’s area

A

comprehension of sound and language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

function of Broca’s area

A

controls muscles of speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name the neuroglial cells

A

Microglial
ependymal
oligodendrocytes
Schwann
astrocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Function of neuroglial cells

A

absorb and dispose of dead cells and bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

function of ependymal cells

A

lining around spinal cord and brain cavities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

function of oligodendrocytes and schwann cells

A

wrap around axons and produce fatty myelin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

function of astrocytes

A

link neurons to capillaries for nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

cerebrum: Gyrus

A

raised regions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

cerebrum: sulcus

A

grooves between gyri

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

cerebrum: fissure

A

deep grooves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

function of cerebellum

A

receives sensory input from eye, inner ears, and body
monitors body position and coordination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What channel opens when neurotransmitters arrives

A

Na channels open

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What part of the cerebellum controls intelligence and learning

A

pre-frontal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what is responsible for assessing danger

A

amygdala

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what occurs after neurotransmitters cross the synaptic cleft

A

it binds to receptor proteins and leads to opening and closing of ion channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What happens to neurons in MS ( multiple sclerosis)

A

decreased myelin production
hardening of myelin
slows down impulses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

charge of a neuron at rest

A

negative charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

clear, most anterior structure of eye

A

cornea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what controls organs and glands and communicates with pituitary gland

A

hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what receptor receives info about levels of O2 and CO2

A

chemoreceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

what valve is in between the right atria and right ventricle

A

tricuspid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what valve is in between the pulmonic valve and right ventricle

A

pulmonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

what valve is in between the left atria and left ventricle

A

mitral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

what valve is in between the aorta and left ventricle

A

aortic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

what happens when a valve is stenotic

A

blood flow decreases
valve hardens
doesn’t open all the way

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Stroke volume

A

amount of blood ejected from LV in 1 squeeze

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Cardiac output

A

amount of blood ejected from heart in 1 min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

P-wave

A

atria contract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

QRS wave

A

ventricles contract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

T-wave

A

ventricular repolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Why do we have heart valves

A

keep 1-way flow of blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

How do the valves stay anchored

A

chorade tendinae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

How does blood return to the heart from lungs

A

L and R pulmonary veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

How does blood return to the heart after its been in the body

A

superior and inferior vena cava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

what happens during a myocardial infarction (MI)

A

heart attack
blockage of coronary artery due to plaque or clot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

signs and symptoms of MI

A

chest pain
stress
SOB
radiating arm, neck pain
fatigue
flu-like

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Chamber affected by aortic stenosis

A

left ventricle

51
Q

layer of heart that contains cardiac muscle tissue

A

myocardium

52
Q

what is septum of heart

A

separates the L and R ventricle

53
Q

which valves open when atrias squeeze

A

atrioventricular valves ( mitral and tricuspid)

54
Q

which valves open when ventricles squeeze

A

semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonic)

55
Q

what happens to coronary arteries over time w/ poor diet

A

build up fat/ plaque inside arteries

56
Q

Flow of electrical activity through heart

A

SA node
AV node
Bundle of His
R and L bundle branches
Purkinje fibers

57
Q

Diastole

A

chamber relaxed and filling with blood

58
Q

Systole

A

chamber squeezing blood out

59
Q

S+S of Emphysema (COPD)

A

weight loss
dyspnea
flat diaphragm
quiet chest

60
Q

2 diseases of COPD

A

Emphysema
chronic bronchitis

61
Q

S+S of chronic bronchitis (COPD)

A

hypoxia
wheezing
rhonchi
increased RBC and hemoglobin

62
Q

S+S of pneumonia

A

SOB
hypoxia
fever
body aches
cough
congestion
fatigue

63
Q

Cause of chronic bronchitis

A

inflammation of bronchioles

64
Q

cause of emphysema

A

destruction of alveolar walls

65
Q

cause of pneumonia

A

fluid and swelling around alveoli

66
Q

structures of larynx

A

epiglottis
vocal cords

67
Q

structures of trachea

A

mucociliating escalator
carina

68
Q

mucociliating escalator

A

c-shaped rings of cartilage

69
Q

carina

A

end of trachea

70
Q

Where is the peripheral chemoreceptor

A

arch of aorta

71
Q

where is the central chemoreceptor

A

medulla oblongata

72
Q

what gas is monitored by peripheral chemo.

A

oxygen

73
Q

what gas is monitored by central chemo.

A

carbon dioxide

74
Q

diaphragm during inhalation

A

contracts and lowers
volume rises
pressure decreases

75
Q

diaphragm during exhalation

A

relaxes and rises
volume decreases
pressure increases

76
Q

cough

A

clears lower res. tract

77
Q

sneeze

A

clears upper res. tract

78
Q

Pressure changes in inhalation

A

Atm. 760
IPP 757

79
Q

Pressure changes in exhalation

A

Atm. 760
IPP 763

80
Q

function of thin tissue in alveoli

A

allows diffusion

81
Q

function of capillaries in alveoli

A

exchange of gases

82
Q

function of alveolar duct in alveoli

A

connecting alveoli with bronchioles

83
Q

function of surfactant

A

expand alveoli

84
Q

function of epiglottis

A

allow air to pass into larynx and lungs

85
Q

S+S of tuberculosis

A

hemoptysis
fever
night sweats
weight loss

86
Q

cause of tuberculosis

A

bacterial infection

87
Q

normal respiratory rate for adults

A

12-20 breaths per min

88
Q

cause of asthma

A

inflammation of bronchioles
bronchoconstriction

89
Q

Location of esophagus

A

posterior to trachea

90
Q

function of esophagus

A

transport food entering mouth into stomach

91
Q

purpose of bile production

A

emulsifies fat

92
Q

where is bile stored

A

gallbladder

93
Q

where is bile made

A

liver

94
Q

where is bile taken

A

duodenum (small intestine)

95
Q

function of saliva (salivary amylase)

A

breaks down carbs

96
Q

organs secrete their ‘products’ into what part of the small intestine

A

duodenum

97
Q

where is waste stored before it is secreted

A

rectum

98
Q

sphincter that doesn’t work and causes acid reflux

A

lower esophageal sphincter

99
Q

purpose of mechanical digestion

A

break down food with teeth

100
Q

muscle used to move substances through the digestive tract

A

smooth muscle

101
Q

tissue type lining the inside of the mouth and why

A

stratified squamous ET
protection against mechanical injury and germs

102
Q

function of large intestine

A

absorb water

103
Q

what if food moves too fast or too slow

A

fast: diarrhea
slow: constipation

104
Q

structure part of respiratory and digestive system

A

pharynx

105
Q

function of pepsin

A

breaks down proteins and carbs

106
Q

location of pepsin

A

stomach

107
Q

what does the gallbladder release into small int.

A

bile

108
Q

order that food travels through

A

mouth
esophagus
stomach
small int.
large int.
rectum
anus

109
Q

folds of lining of stomach

A

rugae

110
Q

where are bacteria found in the digestive tract and what do they do

A

large intestine
help form vitamins

111
Q

what is cirrhosis

A

gradual formation of scar tissue on liver

112
Q

protects kidneys posteriorly

A

floating ribs

113
Q

order of tubules after glomerular capsule

A

proximal conv. tubule
loop of henle
distal conv. tubule
collecting duct
renal pelvis

114
Q

what happens to filtration in the nephron

A

push out water, amino acids, Na,K,Cl, urea, glucose

115
Q

significance of hilum of the kidney

A

blood vessels and ureters enter and exit

116
Q

renal cortex

A

outer region of kidney

117
Q

function of renal cortex

A

reabsorbing filtered material

118
Q

urinary bladder is lined with what ET tissue

A

transitional ET

119
Q

what do diuretics do

A

rid body of excess fluid

120
Q

why are UTI’s more common in women

A

shorter urethra

121
Q

what happens in the stage of filtration

A

substances move from glomerulus to capsule

122
Q

what happens in the stage of reabsorption

A

moves water and substances back to blood

123
Q

what happens in the stage of secretion

A

waste removed from blood into tubules

Anatomy and Physiology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions