Chapter 4 Section 4

Question 0

Reconstruction

Answer 0

The period during which the United States began to rebuild after the Civil War

Federal Government readmits defeated Confederate States to the Union

Question 1

Freedmen’s Bureau

Answer 1

Established by Congress to provide food, clothing, hospitals, legal protection, and education for former slaves and poor whites in the south in 1865

Question 2

Ten Percent Plan(Lincoln)

Answer 2

Government would pardon all Confederates(except high ranking officials and those accused of crimes against prisoners) who would swear allegiance to the Union

As soon as 10% took oath of allegiance, a Confederate State could form a new government and chose reps and senators to congress

Question 3

Radical Republicans

Answer 3

Led by Senator Charles Sumner and Thaddeus Stevens

Wanted to destroy political power of former slaveholders
*Wanted African Americans to be given full citizenship and the right to vote

Angered by Lincoln’s Reconstruction plan

Question 4

Andrew Jackson

Answer 4

Lincoln’s successor

Plan was to break the planters’ power by excluding high-ranking Confederates and wealthy Southern landowners from taking oath needed for voting privileges

Question 5

Civil Rights Act of 1866

Answer 5

Gave African Americans citizenship and forbade states from passing discriminatory laws(black codes) that restricted African Americans lives

This and the Freedmen’s Bureau Act were vetoed by Johnson

Question 6

14th Amendment

Answer 6

Prevented states from denying rights and privileges to any U. S. citizen

Intended to overrule and nullify the Dred Scott decision

Question 7

Reconstruction Act of 1867

Answer 7

Didn’t recognize state governments- except Tennessee- formed under the Lincoln and Johnson plans

Divided former Confederate states into 5 military districts

States had to grant African Americans men to vote and ratify 14 amendment to reenter the Union

Vetoed by Johnson

Question 8

Tenure of Office Act

Answer 8

Stated that a president couldn’t remove cabinet officers during the term of the president who had appointed them without senators approval

Question 9

Johnson Impeached

Answer 9

Radicals believe Johnson was blockading Reconstruction

They found grounds when he violated the Tenure of Office Act by removing Secretary of War Edwin Stanton from office

House impeached Johnson but he remained in office after senate voted not to convict

Question 10

Presidential Election of 1868

Answer 10

Ulysses S. Grant won

Question 11

15th Amendment

Answer 11

No one can be kept from voting because of race, color, or previous condition of servitude

Important Radical victory

Question 12

What were the three groups that constituted the Republican Party?

Answer 12

Scalawags, Carpetbaggers, and African Americans

Question 13

Scalawags

Answer 13

White Southerners who joined the Republican Party

Many were small farmers who wanted to improve their economic position and didn’t want former wealthy planters to regain power

Question 14

Carpetbaggers

Answer 14

Northerners who moved to the South after the war

Negative conception of how they arrived with few belongings in small bags made of carpeting

Question 15

African Americans

Answer 15

Gained voting rights because of the 15 Amendment

Supported Republicans

Question 16

What did African Americans do during Reconstruction?

Answer 16

Founded their own churches(the only institutions they fully controlled)

Ministers were influential and played an important role in political life of country

Question 17

African Americans Schooling

Answer 17

Public school systems established by Reconstruction governments

African American churches create and run government schools

Atlanta, Fisk, and Howard Universities were founded by religious groups such as the American Missionary Association

Question 18

Hiram Revels

Answer 18

First African American senator

Question 19

Sharecropping

Answer 19

Landowners divide their land and assigned each head of household a few acres, along with seed and tools

Sharecroppers kept small share and gave rest to landowners

Question 20

Tenant Farming

Answer 20

“Croppers” who saved a little might even rent land for cash and keep all their harvest in a system known as tenant farming

Question 21

Ku Klux Klan(KKK)

Answer 21

Most notorious and widespread of the Southern Vigilante groups

Goal was to destroy Republican Party, to throw out the Reconstruction governments, to aid the planter class, and to prevent African Americans from exercising their political rights

Killed and refused to hire African American Republicans

Question 22

Enforcement Acts in 1870 and 1871

Answer 22

Enforced to curtail Klan violence and Democratic intimidation

Acts:
Federal supervisions of elections in Southern States

Gave president the power to use federal troops in areas where the Klan was active

Question 23

Amnesty Act

Answer 23

Returned the right to vote and the right to hold federal and state offices to about 150,000 former Confederates

Question 24

What allowed Southern Democrats to regain political power?

Answer 24

Enforcement acts, Amnesty act and the Freedmen’s Bureau expiring

Question 25

What made the congressional Reconstruction come to an end?

Answer 25

“Redemption” (which was Democrats return to power) and a political deal during the national election of 1876

Question 26

What made Southern Reconstruction come to an end?

Answer 26

The election of 1876 which had the Democratic candidate, Samuel J. Tilden, win the popular vote but not the electoral vote
Southern democrats agreed to accept Hayes if federal troops withdrew from South
Republicans agreed and Hayes was elected president ending Southern Reconstruction