Chapter 4 Section 1 Flashcards
What did southerners want from the 1820 Compromise?
They wanted it to apply to territories west of the Louisiana Purchase, thus ensuring that California would become a slave state
California on the issue of slavery
Constitution forbade slavery angering southerners
Border dispute involving Texas
Texas claimed the eastern half of the New Mexico Territory, where the issue of slavery hadn’t been settled
South threatened to succeed
Daniel Webster
Supported Clay’s Compromise of 1850
Left senate before Douglas could engineer passage of all the bill’s provisions
John C. Calhoun
Opposed the compromise of 1850
He died 2 months after it was proposed
Compromise of 1850
To please North, it provided that California be admitted to Union as a free state
To please South, it proposed a new and more effective fugitive slave law
For both, it allowed popular sovereignty
Popular Sovereignty
Right to vote for or against slavery, for residents of the New Mexico and Utah territories
Fugitive Slave Act
Alleged fugitive slaves were not a entitled to a trial by jury
Anyone convicted of helping a fugitive was liable for a fine of $1000 and imprisonment for up to 6 months
“Vigilance Communities”
Northerns resisted it by organizing “Vigilance Communities” to send endangered African Americans to safety in Canada
Underground Railroad
A system of escape routes used by fugitives
How did the Underground Railroad operate?
Conductors hid fugitives, provided them with food and clothing, and escorted them to the next station. Once they reached the North, many choose to stay. Others journeyed to Canada to be completely out of reach of their owners.
Harriet Tubman
One of the most famous conductors that was born a slave
Fearing that she was being sold made a break for freedom to Philadelphia
Made 19 trip freeing 300 slaves
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Published her novel Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Expresses her lifetime hatred of slavery
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
stressed that slavery was not just a political contest, but also a great moral struggle
Stirred Northern abolitionists to increase their protests against Fugitive Slave Acts
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Divided territory into Nebraska in the north and Kansas in the south
Bill would repeal Missouri Compromise and establish popular sovereignty for both territories
North was against it and south was for it
Senator Charles Sumner
Delivered an impassioned speech in the Senate, entitled “The Crime Against Kansas”
Verbally attacked the South and slavery, singling out Senator Andrew P. Butler
Franklin Pierce
He won producing a victory for the Democratic candidate
What completed the demise of the Whigs?
The Kansas-Nebraska Act
Know- Nothing Party
Supported nativism, the favoring of native-born people over immigrants
Torn on the issue of slavery
Liberty Party
Formed for the purpose of pursuing the cause of abolition by passing new laws
Free-Soil Party
Opposed extension of slavery into the territories
Objected to slavery’s competition with free workers
Republican Party
Opposed Kansas-Nebraska Act and in keeping slavery out of the territories
Hoped to resurrect Missouri Compromise
John C. Frémont
Stephen Douglas
“Little Giant”
Well known 2 term senator with an outstanding record and a large campaign chest
Believed in popular sovereignty
Won
Abraham Lincoln
Self-educated and elected to 1 term of congress
Believed that slavery was immoral but didn’t expect individuals to give up slavey unless Congress abolished slavery with an amendment
Harper’s Ferry
Aim was to seize the federal arsenal in Harpers Ferry, Virginia and start a general slave uprising
Uprising never happened because it was put down by troops
John Brown was tried and killed
1860 Election
Lincoln(Republican) pledged to halt expansion of slavery, but ensured the Southerners that he wouldn’t interfere with their slaves
Douglas-popular sovereignty (north democrats)
Breckinridge- support Dred Scott decision (south democrats)
Lincoln Won
Confederacy
Was formed by the secessionist states that met in Montgomery, Alabama
Created a constitution like the United States but it “protected and recognized” slavery in new territories
Jefferson Davis
Elected president of confederacy
