Chapter 4 Questions Flashcards
The Term Prokaryotes refers to which of the following?
A. Very small organisms
B. Unicellular organisms that have no nucleus
C. Multicellular organisms
D. Cells that resemble animal cells more than plant cells
B.
The term Microbiota refers roughly to which of the following
A. All microorganism of the same species
B. All of the microorganisms involved in a symbiotic relationship
C. All microorganisms in a certain region of the human body
D. All microorganisms in a certain geographic region
C. All microorganisms in a certain region of the human body
Which of the following refers to the type of interaction between two prokaryotic populations in which one population benefits and the other not affected?
A. Mutualism
B. Commensalism
C. Parasitism
D. Neutralism
B. Commensalism
Which of the following describes proteobacteria in domain bacteria?
A. Phylum
B. Class
C. Species
D. Genus
A. Phylum
Which of the following Alhpaproteobacteria is the cause of Rocky Mountatin Spotted fever and typhus
A.Bartonella
B. Coxiella
C. Rickettsia
D. Ehrlichia
E. Brucella
C. Rickettsia
A life threatening form of meningoencephalitis (inflammation of the membranes that wrap the brain) R.rickettsii infects ticks and can be transmitted to humans via a bite from an infected tick.
Class Betaproteobacteria includes all but which of the following genera?
A. Neisseria
B. Bordetella
C. Leptothrix
D. Campylobacter
D. Campylobacter
Class Betaprteobacteria Example Genus are
Bordetella
Bulkholderia
Leptothrix
Neisseria
Thiobacillus
Haemophlus influenza is a common cause of which of the following?
A. Influenza
B. Dysentery
C. Upper Respiratory tract infections
D. Hemophilia
Haemophlus Influenza causes both upper and lower respiratory tract infections including Sinusitis, bronchitis, ear infections, and pneumonia
Which of the following is the organelles that spirochetes use to propel themselves?
A. Plasma membrane
B. Axial Filament
C. Pilum
D. Fimbria
B.
They are highly motile, using their axial filament to propel themselves
Which of the following bacteria are the most prevalent in the human gut?
A. Cyanobacteria
B. Staphylococci
C. Borrelia
D. Bacteroides
Bacteroides Therasiotaomicron because it digest complex polysaccharides plant materials that human digestives enzymes cannot break down converting them into monosaccharides that can be absorbed by human cells
Which of the following refers to photosynthesis performed by bacteria with the use of water as the donor of electrons?
A. Oxygenic
B. Anoxygenic
C. Heterotrophic
D. Phototrophic
B. Anoxygenic
Chlorobium performs Anoxygenic photosynthesis, using organic sulfites (low concentrations) or molecular hydrogen as electrons donors, so it can survive in the dark if oxygen is available
Which of the following bacterial species is classified as high G+C gram-positive?
A.Corynebacterium Diphtheria
B.Staphylococcus aureus
C. Bacillus Anthracis
D. Streptococcus pneumonia
A. Corynebacterium Diptheriae
And TB (Mycobacterium TB) and other diseases
The term “deeply branching” refers to which of the following?
A. The cellular shape of deeply branching bacteria
B. The position in the evolutionary tree of deeply branching bacteria
C. The ability of deeply branching bacteria to live in deep ocean waters
D. The pattern of growth in culture of deeply branching bacteria
B. The position in the evolutionary tree of deeply branching bacteria
On a phylogenetic tree, the trunk or root of the tree represent as common ancient evolutionary ancestor, often called the last universal common ancestor (LUCA), and the branches are its evolutionary descendants.
Which of these deeply branching bacteria is considered a polyextremophile?
A. Aquifex Pyrophilus
B. Deinococcus Radiodurans
C. Staphylococcus Aureus
D. Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
B. Deinococcus Radiodurans
Is considered a polyextremophile because its ability to survive under the many different kinds of extreme conditions — extreme heat, drought, vacuum, acidity, and radiation. It owes its name to its ability to withstand doses of ionizing radiation that kill all other known bacteria; this specialty ability is attributed to some unique mechanism of DNA repair.
Archaea and Bacteria are most similar in terms of their?
A. Genetics
B. Cell wall structure
C. Ecology
D. Unicellular structure
Ecology
Which of the following is true of archaea that produce methane?
A. They reduce carbon dioxide in the presence of nitrogen
B. They live in the most extreme environments
C. They are always anaerobes
D. They have been discovered on Mars
B. They live in the most extreme environments
Methanococci and Methanomicrobia represent Archaea that can be generally described as methanogens. Methanogens are unique in that they can reduce carbon dioxide in the presence of hydrogen, producing methane.
Among prokaryotes, there are some that can live in every environment on earth?
True or false
True
When prokaryotes live as interacting communities in which one population benefits to the harm of the other, the type of symbiosis is called ____________
Parasitism
One organism benefits while harming the other
The domain _________ does not include prokaryotes
Eukarya
Archaea and Bacteria only include prokaryotes (their cell lacks a nucleus)
Pathogenic bacteria that are part of the transient microbiota can sometimes be eliminated by ______ therapy
Antibiotic
Nitrogen - fixing bacteria provide other organisms with usable nitrogen in the form of _________
Ammonia
Rickettsias are _____ intracellular bacteria.
Obligate
The species _______________, which belongs to Epsilonproteobacteria, causes peptic ulcers of the stomach and duodenum.
Helicobacter pylori
The genus Salmonella belongs to the class _____________ and includes pathogens that cause salmonellosis and typhoid fever
S. Enterobacteria (serovar Typhi) causes typhoid fever.
Symptoms are abdominal pain and skin rashes
The bacterium that causes syphilis is called ______________.
Treponema Pallidum
Bacteria in the genus Rhodospirillum that use hydrogen for oxidation and fix nitrogen are __________ bacteria
Purple Nonsulfur
Streptococcus is the ___________ of bacteria that is responsible for many human diseases.
Genus
One species of Streptococcus, S pyogenes, is a classifies as a ___________ pathogen due to the characteristic production of pus in infection causes.
Pyogenic
Propionibacterium belongs to ________ G+C gram-positive bacteria. One of its species is used in the food industry and another cause acne.
High
The length of the branches of the evolutionary tree characterizes the evolutionary _____________ between organisms.
Distance
The deeply branching bacteria are thought to be the form of life closest to the last universal __________ ____________.
Common ancestor
Many of the deeply branching bacteria are aquatic and hyperthermophilic, found near underwater volcanoes and thermal ocean __________.
Vents
The deeply branching bacterium Deinococcus Radiodurans is able to survive exposure to high doses of _________.
Ionizing radiation
________________ is a genus of Archaea. Its optimal environment temperature ranges from 70 degrees C to 80 degree C, and its optimal ph is 2-3. It oxidizes sulfur and produces sulfuric acid.
Sulfolobus
___________ was once thought to be the cause of periodontal disease, but, more recently the causal relational between this archaean and the disease was not confirmed,
Methanobrevilbacter oralis
Short answer
Compare commensalism and amensalism
Commensalism is one organism befits while the other is unaffected
Amensalism is a association between two organism where one organism is always harmed and the other neither harmed or benefits
Such as Staphylococcus epidermidis uses dead cells of the human skin as a nutrients
Short Answer
Given an example of the changes of human microbiota that result from medical intervention.
Childbirth because babies born naturally will receive some of their mother’s microbiota passing while passing through their body. Babies born from C-section will only receive the microbes that are present on the doctors/nurses hands when they arrive
Short Answer
What is the metabolic difference between coliforms and nocoliforms? Which category contains several species of intestinal pathogens?
Short answer
Why are Mycoplasma and Chlamydia classified as obligate intracelluar pathogens
Chlamydia is classified as obligate intracellular pathogens that are extremely resistant to the cellular defenses giving them the ability to spread from host to host rapidly via elementary bodies.
S.A
Explain the term CFB group and name the genera that this group includes
The gram-negative nonproteobacteria of the genera Cytophaga, Fusobacterium, and Bacteroides are classified together as phylum and called the CFB group.
S.A
Name and briefly describe the bacterium that causes Lyme disease.
Genus is Borrelia a Gram negative like Spirchete; very thin; better viewed with dark microscopy
B. Burgdorferi causes Lyme disease
S. A
Characterize the phylum Cyanobacteria
A diverse group of phototrophic bacteria that get their bile green color from the chlorophyll contained in their cells and perform oxygenic photosynthesis producing megatons of gaseous oxygen
S.A
Name and describe two types of S. Aureus that show multiple antibiotic resistance.
Methicillin-resistant S. Aureus (MRSA)
and Vancomycin-Resistant S.Aureus (VRSA)
They are both nearly resistant to all antibiotics
S. A
Briefly describe the significance of deeply branching bacteria for basic science and for industry.
The significance of deeply branching is it represents a common ancient evolutionary ancestor, often called the last universal common ancestor (LUCA) and the branches are its evolutionary descendants
S.A
What is thought to account for the unique radiation resistance of D. Radiodurans?
The thought to account for the unique radiation resistance is the special ability to attribute to some unique mechanism of DNA repair
S.A
What accounts for the purple color in salt ponds inhabited by halophilic archaea?
Halobacteria includes Halophilic meaning “Salt Loving” archaea due to high concentration of NaCl in aquatic environment
They perform photosynthesis using the protein bacteriorhodospin, which gives them, and the bodies of water they inhabit, a beautiful purple color
S. A
What evidence supports the hypothesis that some archaea live on Mars?
Because the mixture of gases produces by Methanogens resembles the makeup of the Martian atmosphere
