Chapter 4 Population Genetics

Question 0

Reproductive isolating mechanism

Answer 0

A mechanism that prevents reproduction from occurring between two populations

Question 1

Reproductive population

Answer 1

A group of organisms capable of successful reproduction.

Question 2

Species

Answer 2

The largest natural population whose members are able to reproduce successfully among themselves but not with members of other species

Question 3

Gene pool

Answer 3

The sum of all alleles carried by the members of a population

Question 4

Evolution

Answer 4

Change in the frequency of alleles with in a gene pool of population over time

Question 5

Genetic equilibrium

Answer 5

A hypothetical state in which a population is not involving because the allele frequencies remain a constant over time

Question 6

Hardy Wienberg equilibrium

Answer 6

A mathematical model of genetic equilibrium:

p^2+2pq+q^2-1

Question 7

Genetic load

Answer 7

The totality of deleterious alleles in a population

Question 8

Lethals

Answer 8

Alleles that bring that about premature death

Question 9

Mutation

Answer 9

An alteration of the genetic material

Question 10

Point mutation

Answer 10

An error at a particular point on the DNA molecule

Question 11

Spontaneous mutation

Answer 11

Mutations that occur spontaneously that is in response to the usual conditions within the body or environment

Question 12

Induced mutation

Answer 12

Mutations caused by human made conditions

Question 13

Mutagens

Answer 13

Factors such as radioactivity chemicals and viruses that are capable of causing mutations

Question 14

Genetic drift

Answer 14

The situation in a small population in which the allelic frequencies of the F1 generation will differ from those of the parental generation due to sampling error

Question 15

Population bottlenecking

Answer 15

A form of sampling error in which a population is reduced in size which in turn reduces variability in the population. The population that the sons from the reduced population is therefore less variable than the original population.

Question 16

Founder principal

Answer 16

Situation in which a founding population does not represent a random sample of the original population; a form of sampling error

Question 17

Gene flow

Answer 17

The process in which alleles from one population are introduced into another population

Question 18

Consanguineous mating

Answer 18

Mating between biological relatives

Question 19

Assortative mating

Answer 19

Preference for or avoidance of certain people as mates for physical or social reasons

Question 20

Cross cousin preferential marriage

Answer 20

Marriage between a person and his or her cross cousin