Chapter 4: Population Aging

Question 1

What are the three major demographic components affecting population change?

Answer 1

Mortality, fertility, and migration.

Question 2

What is the demographic transition, and what are its four stages?

Answer 2

developing countries went through 4 stages of demographic transition, affecting their population size and age structure:
o Population explosion (low mortality high birth rate)
o Population implosion (concentration of people in small areas, urbanization)
o Population “displosion” (more racial diversity bc of migration)
o “technoplosion” (rapid development and spread of technology)

Question 3

Differentiate between a birth cohort and a generation.

Answer 3

A birth cohort is a group born in the same year, while a generation consists of cohorts who share defining life experiences.

Question 4

What is the dependency ratio, and why is it rising?

Answer 4

The dependency ratio compares dependents (youth and elderly) to working-age adults (20-64). It’s rising due to population aging and less babies

Question 5

demography

Answer 5

study why and how populations change over time and in size due to fertility, mortality and migration

Question 6

what does demography develop?

Answer 6

Projections (NOT PREDICTIONS) about future size and location of populations

Question 7

Easterlin

Answer 7

lifestyle differences between baby boomers and parents

Question 8

health and epidemiological transition

Answer 8

health: population ages and leading causes of death change from illness to chronic diseases
epid: better food, water, hygiene and education

Question 9

What are the generations?

Answer 9

o Baby boomers (1946-1964)
o Gen X (1965-80)
o Millennials/ gen Y (1981-1996)
o Gen Z (1997-2010)

Question 10

what was the baby bust?

Answer 10

women could get jobs and the values in the home changed after WWII

Question 11

UN reports that the rate of population aging is… (4 things)

Answer 11

unprecedented (older people with exceed younger people)
pervasive (impact all citizens)
profound (impact all aspects of life economic, social, political, health)
enduring (likely irreversible)

Question 12

Lower fertility + lower immigration =
High fertility + high immigration =

Answer 12

+ proportion of older people
- proportion of older people

Question 13

median age

Answer 13

chronological age at which population divides into equal numbers of old and young people

Question 14

sex ratio

Answer 14

males per 100 females
females always outnumber males

Question 15

are older people in more rural or urban areas?

Answer 15

older people tend to return home after they’ve lived in urban areas

Question 16

allophones

Answer 16

immigrants who don’t speak english or french