Chapter 4 - Physiology

Question 1

Describe how the air flow through our body

Answer 1

Nose / Mouth -> Trachea -> Bronchi -> Bronchioles -> Alveoli (Gas exchange in the lungs takes place)

Question 2

What are the two main purpose of the gas exchange in the Alveoli

Answer 2

• Absorbing O2

- Releasing excess CO2

Question 3

What are the two cycles that make up the circulatory system

Answer 3

• Systematic circulation

- Pulmonary circulation

Question 4

What do you call the protein carried by red blood cells

Answer 4

Hemoglobin

Question 5

What is the main breathing muscle?

Answer 5

Diaphragm

Question 6

Symptoms of elevated CO2

Answer 6

Raised breathing volume and contractions, headache

Question 7

What is Hyperventilation

Answer 7

inhaling and exhaling more air than you need to maintain a neutral level of CO2 in your blood

Question 8

Negative Effects of Hyperventilation / What is wrong with decreasing CO2 level in your blood

Answer 8

• Raises the heart rate
• Reduces blood flow to the brain
• Increases the possibility of passing out without feeling the first signal of rising CO2

Question 9

Symptoms of Hyperventilation

Answer 9

• Euphoria
• Tingling in the extremities
• Lightheadedness
• Dizziness
• Numbness around the mouth
• A metallic taste in the mouth
• Semi paralysis of the hands

Question 10

What to do when you experience any symptom of Hyperventilation

Answer 10

Do not dive and resume your relaxation exercise until they go away

Question 11

How can you safely prolong dives

Answer 11

• CO2 tolerance

- Relaxation & efficiency

Question 12

Our breathing is regulated mainly by CO2. Explain

Answer 12

Because the build up of CO2 is what triggers the “urge to breathe”