Chapter 4 Part I Flashcards
endothelium of ENDOCARDIUM layer of heart is made of ______
simple squamous
looser CT layer of ENDOCARDIUM layer of heart is made of ______
fibroelastic CT
denser CT layer of ENDOCARDIUM layer of heart is made of ______
more collagen I and elastic fibers
some smooth muscle
subendocardial layer of ENDOCARDIUM of heart is made of _______
looser CT with blood vessels, and nerves
______ are modified cardiac myocytes; contain stored ______ ; and are attached using ____ & _____
purkinje fibers
glycogen
gap junctions
macula adherens
atria of myocardium is ____ muscle and more _____ fibers
less muscle
more elastic
ventricle of myocardium is ______ muscle layer
well-developed
TRANSVERSE portion of intercalated discs are made of ______ & ______
macula adherens
fascia adherens
LONGITUDINAL portion of intercalated discs are made of ______
large gap junctions
fxns of intercalated discs are:
1 attach cardiac myocytes in a row using _____ & _____
2 attach and stabilize myofibrils using _______
3 cell to cell communication using ______
macula adherens & gap junctions
fascia adherens
gap junctions
_______ will INCREASE HR and INCREASE CONTRACTION FORCE
sympathetics
______ will SLOW HR and DECREASE CONTRACTION FORCE
parasympathetics
specialized cardiac muscle cells are called
myoendocrine cells
____ function in:
1 fluid and electrolyte balance so target the KIDNEYS
2 DECREASE BP so target small arteries and arterioles
hormones
epicardium of pericardium is made of _____
visceral pericardium
sub-epicardial layer of fibroblastic CT (in pericardium) containing:
coronary vessels
nerves
sometimes- much adipose
layer of pericardium that secretes a serous lubricating fluid
mesothelium
layer of pericardium that includes:
mesothelium
layer of fibroelastic CT
parietal pericardium
pericardial sac is made of _____ & ______
parietal pericardium fibrous pericardium (collagen I)
pericardial cavity holds _____ ml of fluid btwn _____ & ______
15-50 ml
visceral pericardium
parietal pericardium
cardiac skeleton is made of _____ CT and the 3 main components are: ___ , ____ & _____
dense irregular CT
annuli fibrosi
trigonum fibrosum
septum membranaceum
around base of aorta, pulmonary artery and the openings to the chambers
annuli fibrosi
_____ is by cusps of aortic valve
trigonum fibrosum
upper portion of interventicular septum that functions as the ORGIN AND INSERTION for some cardiac myocytes
septum membranaceum
______ CT has many collagen I and elastic fibers and is almost AVASCULAR
dense irregular CT
additional component of interventicular septum that are tendon-like and made of DENSE REGULAR CT
chordae tendinae
____ generally isolates atrial and ventricular myocardial to ensure individual chamber contractions
cardiac skeleton
chest pain usually brought out by exertion
angina
slow progressive narrowing of coronary vessels therefore, less oxygen is the cause of : _____
angina
abnormal heart rhythms
dysrhythmia
can result when damage or death occurs to purkinje fibers and other conducting tissues
dysrhythmia
infection in pericardial cavity and therefore inflammation of the serous pericardium
pericarditis
all but the smallest/thinnest BV have 3 major luminal wall layers: ____, _____ & _____
tunica intima
tunica media
tunica adventitia
tunica intima is continuation of _______
tunica media is continuation of _______
tunica adventitia is continuation of _______
endocardium
myocardium
epicardium
elastic arteries are AKA ______; examples include:
conducting arteries aorta common iliac carotid brachiocephalic subclavian
attenuated endothelium
thin/incomplete internal elastic lamina
thicker CT with elastic fibers, collagen I, fibroblasts and smooth ms
in elastic arteries
tunica intima of elastic arteries (structure)
THICKEST, most dominant layer of Elastic Arteries
-primarily fenestrated sheets of elastic fibers with some collagen I and smooth muscle
- thin external elastic lamina possible
outer portion typically contains VASA VASORUM
tunica media of elastic arteries (structure)
loose fibroelastic CT
vas vasorum numerous
in elastic arteries
tunica adventitia of elastic arteries (structure)
______ is AKA distributing arteries; examples include:
muscular arteries brachial radial renal femoral
endothelium
some CT- few smooth muscle cells possible
internal elastic lamina
tunica intima of muscular arteries (structure)
primary circular smooth muscle in muscular arteries
gap junctions btwn SM cells
elastic and reticular fibers, chondroitin sulfate
external elastic lamina possible
richly innervated with sympathetics so it can have a STRONG contraction over area
tunica media of muscular arteries (structure)
TUNICA MEDIA of muscular arteries is richly innervated with sympathetics so it can have a STRONG contraction over area determines ______
lumen size
fibroelastic CT with sulfated GAGs in muscular arteries
fibroblasts
vasa vasorum
tunica adventitia of muscular arteries (structure)
small blood vessels supplying the cells in tunica adventitia
vasa vasorum
lumen size is approx = to ________
width of vessel wall
internal elastic lamina is possible in _____ of ARTERIOLES
tunica intima of arterioles
no external elastic lamina
ONLY SMOOTH MUSCLE
in the _____ of ARTERIOLES
tunica media of arterioles
\_\_\_\_\_ width increases into your 20'2 # of elastic laminae increase in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
elastic arteries
tunica media
- collagen and proteoglycans increase after middle age- DECREASED flexibility
- coronary vessels greatly affected
muscular arteries
an increase in SYSTOLIC BP can occur around age 50 due to a DECREASE in ELASTIC fibers and INCREASE in collagen I
hypertension
hardening of arteries, primarily occurs in the _____ of arteries
atherosclerosis
largest
in atherosclerosis, the ____ becomes infiltrated with SOFT LIPIDS –> causing DECREASE _______
_____ can be affected, COLLAGEN I and sulfated GAGs can accumulate
tunica intima
DECREASE lumen diameter
tunica media
elastic arteries & atherosclerosis
problem: blood is moving ______ so cells in tunica INTIMA have trouble surviving –> _______ is prone to injury, irritation and infection –> degenerative changes may occur in tunica intima –> INCREASE in ______ width therefore a decrease in _______ size
fast
tunica MEDIA
tunica INTIMA
lumen
over-flow prevention system
metarterioles
_____ are short terminal arteriole branches that lack a true intima media
lead to capillaries and a ______ that lead to venules
metarterioles
thoroughfare
AV shunt; bypass system
arteriovenous anastomosis
fxn: to control lumen size and therefore the amount of blood into the capillaries
ANS nerves in AVA
valves are made with ______ , which has lots of Collagen I and Elastic Fibers (avascular)
dense irregular CT
