ch 5 clinical aspects

Question 1

in chronic exposure to irritants and metaplasia in the upper resp tract:

• ___ cells increase, so increased mucus
• ___ ___ decrease so congestion increases
• ___glands increase in SIZE, so more fluid

Answer 1

goblet
ciliated columnar
seromucus

Question 2

with chronic exposure to irritants, if much coughing then may develop patches of ___ ___ epi instead of respiratory epi (metaplasia)

Answer 2

stratified squamous

Question 3

respiratory distress of the newborn (RDS) AKA

Answer 3

hyaline membrane disease

Question 4

RDS is caused by too few MATURE alveolar __ _ cells

Answer 4

type II

Question 5

two tx for RDS

Answer 5

artificial surfactant & CPAP

glucocorticoids (induce surfactant prod)

Question 6

emphysema occurs w/ a decrease in ____ so decreased alveolar elasticity and a reduced surface for __ __
-irreversible

Answer 6

elastin

gas exchange

Question 7

two common causes of emphysema

Answer 7

inflammation (infection, irritant, smoking)

genetic condition

Question 8

in emphysema, inflammation attracts ___ and ___ which secrete elastase

Answer 8

macrophages

neutrophils

Question 9

protein that protects elastic fibers, is produced by hepatocytes
-is inactivated by free rads from cig smoke

Answer 9

alpha1-antitrypsin

Question 10

___ produce alpha 1-AT but cannot release it therefore levels are too low in the genetically dominant condition that can cause emphysema

Answer 10

hepatocytes