Chapter 4: part 2 being used for exam Flashcards
Behavior and various type? instinct?
1) Instinct – (reflexes and responses) what the animal has at birth.
Ex.Nursing, searching for food.
behavioral type, habituation?
2) Habituation – the diminishing of a physiological or emotional response to a frequently repeated stimulus. (getting a loud noise, scares you, but then you just get used to it because you heard it so many times)
behavioral type, conditioning
Conditioning – learning to respond in a particular way to a stimulus as a result of reinforcement when the proper response is made. (aka giving a dog a treat)
behavioral type: reinforcement?
Reinforcement – a reward (or punishment) for making a specific response.
behavioral type- reasoning?
the ability to respond correctly to a stimulus the first time that a new situation is presented
behavioral type: intelligence?
the ability to learn to adjust successfully to certain situations. both short term and long-term memory are part of intelligence
Disadvantages and advantages of living in group settings?
benefits of group living can compensate for the cost involved.
many benefits related to a group defense against predators through increased vigilance and through protection in numbers (aka many eye hypothesis- birds will be together in groups and it means a lot of them can see a predator and warm them so they can flee, also school fish in group setting reduce the chance for they, themselves, to be eaten if attacked by a predator even though there me free riders and they are more likely to be seen by a predator.
predators can group together to take a large prey, but then it means they have to share the food
kin altruism?
kin selection- used to designate the behavior that lowers an individuals own fitness but enhances the reproductive success of a relative. (behavior that benefits others at personal cost)
