Chapter 4-Organic Compounds

Question 1

Describe the difference between a Lewis structure, and a condensed structure in terms of atoms and bonds shown in the structures

Answer 1

A Lewis structure shows all atoms bonds, and non-bonding electrons. A condensed structure shows all atoms, but as few bonds as possible.

Question 2

Explain why it is not possible to draw a skeletal structure for methane

Answer 2

Skeletal structures show mainly bonds between carbon atoms. since methane has only one carbon it is not possible to draw a skeletal structure

Question 3

Elements other than carbon and hydrogen that are present in an organic compound are called

Answer 3

Heteroatoms

Question 4

Three families of organic compounds contain unsaturated hydrocarbons

Answer 4

Alkenes, alkynes, and aromatics

Question 5

Alkene

Answer 5

Unsaturated hydrocarbon

Question 6

Hydrocarbons with only single covalent bonds are known as

Answer 6

alkanes

Question 7

As the number of carbon atoms in a formula __________, the number of possible isomers __________.

Answer 7

increases, increases

Question 8

A saturated hydrocarbon is also an

Answer 8

alkane

Question 9

Butane is an alkane with

Answer 9

4 carbon atoms

Question 10

An alkene is a hydrocarbon with

Answer 10

at least one double bond between 2 carbon atoms

Question 11

Acetylene is the nonsystematic name for the simplest

Answer 11

alkyne

Question 12

Hydrocarbons with double or triple bonds are said to be

Answer 12

unsaturated

Question 13

Cyclohexane is the simplest type of cyclic hydrocarbon and contains only

Answer 13

single bonds

Question 14

The most well‐known ring structure that possesses double bonds is

Answer 14

benzene

Question 15

Substances with benzene‐like rings are called

Answer 15

aromatic compounds

Question 16

An alkane with only 2 carbon atoms is

Answer 16

ethane

Question 17

The hydrogenation reaction is only possible for compounds with

Answer 17

double and triple bonds

Question 18

The shape of the ethylene molecule is

Answer 18

planar

Question 19

Halogens resemble what element because they need to form one single bond in order to achieve electronic stability?

Answer 19

hydrogen

Question 20

Halogenated alkanes are called

Answer 20

alkyl halides

Question 21

What is the maximum number of chlorine atoms that can be substituted onto a methane molecule?

Answer 21

4

Question 22

In 1,2‐dibromoethylene when both bromines are on the same side of the double bond, the bromines are said to be __________ to each other.

Answer 22

cis

Question 23

The molecules cis‐1,2‐dichloroethylene and trans‐1,2‐dichloroethylene are described as

Answer 23

geometric isomers

Question 24

The functional group for an alcohol is

Answer 24

–OH

Question 25

In an amine, the __________ atom is the core atom.

Answer 25

nitrogen

Question 26

In a carboxylic acid, the functional groups must be attached at the

Answer 26

end of the molecule

Question 27

Why are there over a million known carbon compounds?

Answer 27

Carbon has a great versatility in forming covalent bonds.

Question 28

Vital biological molecules in living systems are largely

Answer 28

organic compounds

Question 29

Carbon always forms __________ covalent bonds.

Answer 29

4

Question 30

Isopropyl alcohol and n‐propanol have the same molecular formula, C 3H 7OH, yet their structures are different. These compounds are known as

Answer 30

isomers

Question 31

What type of formula omits the carbon‐hydrogen bonds?

Answer 31

condensed structural

Question 32

The structure of a molecule affects

Answer 32

both the chemical and physical properties of the compound

Question 33

The same molecular formula can represent

Answer 33

several different isomers

Question 34

A molecular formula tells the

Answer 34

number and types of atoms in the molecule

Question 35

In a structural formula, __________ (is) are used to depict two electrons in a chemical bond.

Answer 35

a single line

Question 36

The smallest cycloalkane is

Answer 36

cyclopropane