Chapter 4: Of Tests and Testing Flashcards
what are the seven assumptions about psychological testing and assessment?
- Psychological Traits and States Exist
- Psychological Traits and States Can Be
Quantified and Measured - Test-Related Behavior Predicts Non-Test-Related Behavior
- Tests and Other Measurement
Techniques Have Strengths and Weaknesses - Various Sources of Error Are Part of the
Assessment Process - Testing and Assessment Can Be
Conducted in a Fair and Unbiased Manner - Testing and Assessment Benefit Society
this term is defined as the distinguishable and relatively enduring characteristics that differentiate individuals (e.g., intelligence, personality traits,
interests)
Traits
this term is defined as the less enduring characteristics that also distinguish individuals but may vary with context.
States
this term involves selecting a
representative sample of behaviors indicative of the trait being assessed.
Domain Sampling
what does the second assumption about psychological testing and assessment mean?
Acknowledging the existence of psychological traits allows for their careful definition and measurement.
Test scores reflect the strength of the targeted trait, often derived from cumulative scoring.
this terms refers to the performance data of a group used for reference.
Norms
what does the third assumption about psychological testing and assessment mean?
Test tasks may simulate actual behaviors the test is designed to evaluate, although they only provide a sample of possible behaviors
Test results can be used to predict future
behavior or to understand past behavior in forensic contexts
this term refers to factors affecting test
performance other than the trait being
measured.
error variance
what does the seventh assumption about psychological testing and assessment mean?
The absence of testing would lead to arbitrary assessments of qualifications and abilities, potentially endangering society.
Testing provides essential measures for
evaluating professional competencies (e.g., medical, engineering) and ensures that individuals meet required standards.
what are the five types of norms?
- Percentile
- Age Norms
- Grade Norms
- National Norms
- Subgroup Norms
this type of norm indicates the percentage of test-takers scoring below a specific score
percentile norms
this type of norm refers to the average performance scores based on the age of test-takers
Age Norms
this type of norm refers to the average scores from test-takers in a specific grade.
Grade Norms
this type of norm is derived from a representative sample of the national population
National Norms
this type of norms are segmented by specific criteria within the larger sample.
subgroup norms
what is the difference of norm-referenced and criterion-reference evaluations?
norm-referenced compares individual scores to a normative group while criterion-referenced evaluates scores against a specific criterion or standard, focusing on what the test-taker can do or has learned
what is standardization?
standardization is the process of administering tests under consistent conditions to develop norms.
this type of evaluation compares individual scores to a normative group
norm-referenced evaluation
this type of evaluation evaluates scores against a specific criterion or standard, focusing on what the test-taker can do or has learned.
criterion-referenced evaluation
