Chapter 4: Nuclei and Radioactivity Flashcards
radioactivity
the explosion fo the atomic nucleus
rays or radiation
the pieces that shoot out from this explosion
alpha particles/ rays
consisting of two protons and two neutrons
Helium nucleus moving very fast
Beta particles / rays
electrons
Electron moving very fast
Gamma rays
bundles of energetic light
very energetic EM radiation
the name of element is related to
the number of protons
different isotopes of the same element have different numbers of ?
neutrons
rem
take about 2 billion gamma rays per square centimeter
2500 rem cause one cancer
half-life rule
for every additional half-life, another half of the nuclei will decay
the source of heat within the earth
natural radioactivity
two main causes of radioactive decay
(1) tunneling (a kind of quantum leap)
(2) weak force
fission
裂变
refers to the breakup of a nucleus into two or more large parts
used in nuclear reactors
fusion
聚变
refers to the coming together of nuclei to make a larger nucleus
the energy of the Sun
ion
leaving charged paricles
