Chapter 4 Morphology Flashcards

1
Q

affix

A

a morpheme that is attached to a word stem to form a new word or word form.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

affixation

A

a morphological process whereby a bound morpheme, an affix, is attached to a morphological base, root or stem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

agglutinating language

A

a language in which words are made up of a linear sequence of distinct morphemes and each component of meaning is represented by its own morpheme.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

allomorph

A

a variant form of a morpheme, that is, when a unit of meaning varies in sound without changing the meaning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

alternation

A

a variation in the form and/or sound of a word or word part.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ambiguity

A

a quality of language that makes speech or written text open to multiple interpretations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

analytic language

A

a language that primarily conveys relationships between words in sentences by way of helper words (particles, prepositions, etc.) and word order, as opposed to utilizing inflections (changing the form of a word to convey its role in the sentence)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

bound morpheme

A

a grammatical unit that never occurs by itself, but is always attached to some other morpheme. The plural morpheme -s in dogs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

bound root

A

a root that cannot occur as a separate word apart from any other morpheme.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

closed lexical category

A

the category of function words—that is, parts of speech (or word classes)—that don’t readily accept new members. English include pronouns, determiners, conjunctions, and prepositions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

open lexical category

A

include nouns, lexical verbs, adjectives, and adverbs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

compounding

A

the process of combining two words (free morphemes) to create a new word (commonly a noun, verb, or adjective)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

conjunction

A

a word that: syntactically links words or larger constituents, and. expresses a semantic relationship between them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

content morpheme

A

a root that forms the semantic core of a major class word. They have lexical denotations that are not dependent on the context or on other morphemes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

content word

A

words that have meaning. They can be compared to grammatical words, which are structural. Nouns, main verbs, adjectives and adverbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

derivation

A

the formation of a new word or inflectable stem from another word or stem. It typically occurs by the addition of an affix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

determiner

A

a word or affix that belongs to a class of noun modifiers that expresses the reference, including quantity, of a noun.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

form

A

a meaningful unit of speech (such as a morpheme, word, or sentence)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

free morpheme

A

a morpheme (or word element) that can stand alone as a word. It is also called an unbound morpheme

20
Q

function morpheme

A

a morpheme which simply modifies the meaning of a word, rather than supplying the root meaning.

21
Q

function word

A

a word whose purpose is more to signal a grammatical relationship than the lexical meaning of a sentence, e.g., do in do you live here?.

22
Q

fusional language

A

a language in which one form of a morpheme can simultaneously encode several meanings

23
Q

hierarchical structure

A

In grammar, hierarchy refers to any ordering of units or levels on a scale of size, abstraction, or subordination. Adjective: hierarchical. Also called syntactic hierarchy or morpho-syntactic hierarchy.

24
Q

homophony

A

when a set of words are pronounced identically but have different meanings.

25
Q

incorporation

A

a phenomenon by which a grammatical category, such as a verb, forms a compound with its direct object (object incorporation) or adverbial modifier while retaining its original syntactic function.

26
Q

infix

A

a word element (a type of affix) that can be inserted within the base form of a word—rather than at its beginning or end—to create a new word or intensify meaning.

27
Q

inflection

A

the change in the form of a word (in English, usually the addition of endings) to mark such distinctions as tense, person, number, gender, mood, voice, and case

28
Q

input

A

the exposure learners have to authentic language in use. This can be from various sources, including the teacher, other learners, and the environment around the learners

29
Q

lexical category

A

A linguistic category of words generally defined by the syntactic or morphological behavior of the lexical item in question, such as noun or verb.

30
Q

lexicon

A

the vocabulary of a person, language, or branch of knowledge.

31
Q

morpheme

A

a meaningful morphological unit of a language that cannot be further divided (e.g. in, come, -ing, forming incoming ).

32
Q

morphology

A

is the study of words, how they are formed, and their relationship to other words in the same language.

33
Q

output

A

the language a person produces, either in speaking or writing

34
Q

partial reduplication

A

occurs only with bases(root words) which begin with a consonant. It involves placing before the base a syllable consisting of the first consonant of the base followed by ‘e’.

35
Q

polysynthetic language

A

highly synthetic languages, i.e. languages in which words are composed of many morphemes (word parts that have independent meaning but may or may not be able to stand alone).

36
Q

prefix

A

an affix that is placed before the stem of a word. Adding it to the beginning of one word changes it into another word.

37
Q

preposition

A

a word that indicates the relationship between a noun and the other words of a sentence.

38
Q

productive

A

the degree to which native speakers use a particular grammatical process, especially in word-formation.

39
Q

pronoun

A

a word that substitutes for a noun or noun phrase.

40
Q

reduplicant

A

The reduplicated segment in a word resulting from a reduplication process.

41
Q

reduplication

A

a morphological process in which the root or stem of a word (or part of it) or even the whole word is repeated exactly or with a slight change.

42
Q

root

A

either a base word or a part of a word to which affixes are added or it is the part left after affixes have been taken away. Technically, it is the smallest unit that carries meaning: it cannot be reduced into smaller units.

43
Q

simultaneous affix

A

An affix is articulated at the same time as some other affix or affixes in a word’s stem; exists only in visual-gestural languages.

44
Q

stem

A

the root or roots of a word, together with any derivational affixes, to which inflectional affixes are added

45
Q

suffix

A

an affix that is placed after the stem of a word.

46
Q

suppletion

A

the replacement of one stem with another, resulting in an allomorph of a morpheme which has no phonological similarity to the other allomorphs.