Chapter 4, Morphology Flashcards
Can act as a head.
Consist of (N) nouns, (A) adjectives, (Adv) adverbs, (V) verbs, and (P) prepositions.
Lexical category
make new ‘words’ out of old ‘words. An affixational process that forms a word with a meaning and/or category distinct from that of its base.
Derivation
creates forms of the same ‘word’ (e.g., the -s in books marks the plural subclass).
Inflection
the smallest piece of word that has a meaning
Morpheme
To define a morpheme, gather the following information
- The form(s) of the morpheme
- What kinds of words it attaches to, and how
- What kinds of words it makes, i.e. what meaning it contributes
forms that relate to each other but are slightly different.
Allomorph
central morpheme of a word
Root
any form to which an affix attaches
Stem
morphemes other than roots
Affix
morphemes that can attach before the root
Prefix (un-, in-, anti-)
morphemes that can attach after the root
suffix (-ed, -ness, -s)
goes inside the root
Infix (not in english)
can stand by themselves as an individual word, like dog, walk…
free morpheme
are not free (adding something like un (unhappy, unwell…))
bound morpheme
a morpheme with a clear meaning such as book or un- (meaning not). can be a free or bound morpheme
content morpheme
A morpheme that modifies the meaning of a word but does not supply the root meaning of the word.
function morpheme
taking two words together. Therefore, it creates something new where the second noun used in the compound is based/tied to the first noun (e.g., fire + engine).
Compounding
duplicating the whole word, or part of the word (reduplication) to change the semantic meaning.
Duplication
alter a word’s internal structure. Steal → stole, make → made
internal change
Cases where you randomly substitute one sequence of phonemes for another (Eg. go and went)
Suppletion
relates to the correspondence between words in a sentence
Agreement
