Chapter 4: Mineral Nutrition Flashcards
mineral nutrient
elements that plants require in order to conduct their life processes
where does mineral nutrition come from
the soil
what are Group 1 mineral nutrient functions
nutrients that are part of carbon compounds
what are group 2 mineral nutrient functions
nutrients that are important in energy storage or structural integrity
what are group 3 mineral nutrient functions
nutrients that remain in ionic form
what are group 4 mineral nutrient functions
nutrients that are involved in redox reactions
Group 1 nutrients
N and S
Group 2 nutrients
P, Si, and B
Group 3 nutrients
K, Ca, Mg, Cl, Zn, and Na
Group 4 nutrients
Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni, Mo
chelators
chemicals that bind other chemicals
what are the common chelators used
iron chelators and calcium chelators
why do plants need iron chelators
iron can leave the soil easily, so it binds it to the soil to keep it available
whats a common chelator that was used in lab
EDTA
excess or deficiency of one element can cause what
a deficiency of another element
what are the two types of deficiency
mobile and immobile
mobile
deficiency that appears in older leaves on a plant first
immobile
deficiency appears in younger leaves on a plant first
when doing a soil analysis for mineral content where do you chose the sample site
around the root zone because that is where mineral nutrients are picked up
chemical fertilizers
include inorganic salts and macronutrients N-P-K
straight fertilizers
only one of the three elements (N and P, N and K, or K and P )
compound/mixed fertilizer
one or two more elements N-K-P
organic fertilizer
derived from natural rock deposits, animal and plant materials
mineralization
process of how breaking down of organic compounds occurs by soil microorganisms
what are the mineral nutrients that are difficult to be pulled from the soil and how to mitigate that
Fe, Cu, and Mg; spraying it on the leaves can help uptake
what is required when spraying mineral nutrients on a leaf
surfactants
surfactants
decrease surface tension, get a better thinner film of fertilizer on the leaf
what makes the soil pH higher
lime
what is lime
mixture of calcium oxide, calcium carbonate, and calcium hydroxide
excess mineral ions in the soil causes what
salinated soil
how to plants deal with saline soil
biochemical synthesis of compounds and enzymatic mechanisms
what heavy metals are toxic to plants in high concentrations
zinc, copper, cobalt, nickel
ammonium assimilation
ability to take the ions in, and when they are picked up by the plant the plant releases protons that decrease the pH of the
where is the majority of nutrient absorption in roots
at the apical regions; little suberin
what does suberin do
blocks the nutrient absorption
mycorrhizal symbioses
facilitate nutrient uptake by roots
what are mycorrhizae
mutualism between fungi and roots; host plant provides carbohydrates for fungi and fungi provide nutrients
arbuscular mycorrhizae
in the phylum Glomeromycota; most ancient of the mycorrhizal type found in fossil records
fugal hyphae
filaments that makke up the body of the fungus
mass of hyphae
mycelium
hypha travel a fair distance from the root tip to do what
absorb nutrients
what mineral nutrient are the hypha good at picking up
phosphorous
what are the two major ways that hypha enter the root
in between the cell walls of the epidermis and coiled structure that will branch out and produce arbuscules in the cortex
draw and explain the two ways hypha enter a root
yes
ectomycorrhizal roots are different on how they form why?
they don’t penetrate far into the cortex and they form a well developed hyphal network on the surface
