Chapter 4 Metals Flashcards
alkali metal
a group 1 metal
alloy
a substance formed when other materials are mixed with a metal
blast furnace
a type of furnace used for the extraction of metals from their ores, including iron from iron oxides
cation
a positively charged iron
circular economy
an economy based on a model of production and consumption that aims to design out waste and pollution, keep products and materials in use and regenerate natural systems
coke
a solid that contains 80-90% carbon and is produced by strongly heating coal in the absence of air
conductor
an object or type of material that permits the flow of electric charges
crystal
a solid made up of atoms or molecules arranged in a repeating three-dimensional pattern
delocalise
spread out
delocalised electron
an electron that is not restricted to the region between two atoms
density
a measure of the amount of mass per unit volume
ductile
able to be drawn into a wire
e-waste
electronic waste; electronic products that are unwanted, not working and at the end of their life cycle
effective nuclear charge
the net positive charge experienced by an electron in an outer shell of an atom; indicates the attractive force felt by the valence electrons towards the nucleus
electrolysis
the production of a reaction by the passage of electrical energy from a power supply through a conducting liquid
ferrous
a material containing iron
in-situ leaching
solution mining; involves leaving the ore where it is in the ground and recovering the minerals from it by dissolving them and pumping the solution to the surface where the minerals can be recovered
inert
not chemically reactive
ionisation energy
the energy required to remove one electron from an atom of an element in the gas phase
lattice
a regular arrangement of large numbers of atoms, ions or molecules
limestone
a mineral composed of calcium carbonate
linear economy
an economy in which raw materials are used to make a product, and after its use, the product is thrown away
lustrous
having the quality of reflecting light in a glossy and shiny way
malleable
able to be bent or beaten into sheets
metallic bonding
the electrostatic attractive forces between delocalised valence electrons and positively charged metal ions
metallic bonding model
a model that explains the properties and behaviour of metals in terms of the particles in metals
mineral
a naturally occurring inorganic substance that is solid and can be represented by a chemical formula
molten
materials that are normally found as solids but are liquid, melted, due to elevated temperature
non-ferrous
a metal other than iron or steel
ore
a mineral or an aggregate of minerals that contains a valuable constituent, such as metal, which is mined or extracted
primary smelter
an installation or factory that is used to extract metals from their ores using high temperatures; scrap metal is also processed in some primary smelters
reactivity
the ease with which a chemical can undergo reactions
reactivity series of metals
a ranking of metals in increasing order of their reactivity
roasting
a process of heating a sulfide ore to a high temperature in air
scrap metal
discarded metal that is suitable for reprocessing
secondary smelter
an installation or factory that is used to extract metals from scrap metals using high temperatures
slag
a mixture of waste materials left over after a desired metal has been removed from its ore
smelting
a process of applying heat to ore to extract a metal
steel
a generally hard, strong, durable and not malleable alloy of iron and carbon
tensile strength
the maximum resistance of a material to a force which is pulling it apart before breaking, measured as the maximum stress the material can withstand without tearing
transition metal
an element in groups 3-12 of the periodic table
