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VCE Unit 1 Chemistry > Chapter 2 - Elements and the Periodic Table > Flashcards

Chapter 2 - Elements and the Periodic Table Flashcards

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1
Q

alkali metals

A

a group 1 metal; Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr

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2
Q

atom

A

basic building block of matter, which is made up of the subatomic particles protons, neutrons and electrons

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3
Q

atomic number

A

the number of protons in the nucleus of the atom; equal to the number of electrons

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4
Q

atomic radius

A

a measurement used for the size of atoms; the distance from the nucleus to outermost electrons

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5
Q

atomic theory of matter

A

all matter is made up of atoms; atoms are indivisible, atoms of the same element are identical and compounds are made up of different types of atoms in fixed ratios

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6
Q

block (periodic table)

A

one of four main parts of the periodic table where elements have the same highest energy subshell filled

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7
Q

Bohr model

A

a theory of the atom proposed by Niels Bohr which states that electrons in an atom occupy fixed, circular orbits that correspond to specific energy levels

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8
Q

chemical symbol

A

a symbolic representation of an element where the first letter is capitalised and the second letter is lowercase

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9
Q

compound

A

a pure substance made up of different types of atoms combined in a fixed ratio

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10
Q

condensed electronic configuration

A

a shortened way of writing electronic configuration by using the noble gas before the element

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11
Q

conflict element

A

elements mined in areas of war and conflict, which makes their use unsustainable

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12
Q

critical element

A

element heavily relied on by industry and society, which faces some form of supply uncertainty

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13
Q

effective nuclear charge

A

the net positive charge experienced by an electron in an outer shell of an atom; indicates the attractive force felt by the valence electrons towards the nucleus

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14
Q

electron

A

a negatively charged subatomic particle that occupies the region around the nucleus of the atom

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15
Q

electronic configuration

A

(in the shell model of an atom) a means of representing the number of electrons in each shell

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16
Q

electron shell

A

(in the shell model of an atom) the fixed energy level that corresponds to a circular orbit of the electrons
(in the Schrodinger model) a shell contains subshells and orbitals of equal or similar energy

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17
Q

electronegativity

A

the ability of an atom to attract electrons in a covalent bond towards itself

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18
Q

electrostatic attraction

A

the force of attraction between a positively charged particle and a negatively charged particle

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19
Q

element

A

a substance made up of atoms with the same atomic number

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20
Q

emission spectrum

A

a spectrum produced when an element is excited by heat or radiation; appears as distinct lines characteristic of the element

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21
Q

endangered element

A

element at risk of depletion on Earth, as natural deposits are used up

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22
Q

energy level

A

one of the different shells of an atom in which electrons can be found

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23
Q

excited state

A

describes an atom in which electrons occupy higher energy levels than the lowest possible energy levels

24
Q

first ionisation energy

A

the energy required to remove one electron from an atom of an element in the gas phase

25
Q

flame test

A

a test for the presence of certain metal ions or metals; when burnt in a flame, certain metals and metal ions produce a colour

26
Q

ground state

A

a term used to describe an atom in which the electrons occupy the lowest possible energy levels

27
Q

group (periodic table)

A

a vertical column of elements in the periodic table

28
Q

halogen

A

a group 17 element; F, C, BR, I, At

29
Q

ion

A

a positively or negatively charged atom or group of electrons

30
Q

isotope

A

each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei

31
Q

main group element

A

an element in groups 1,2 or 13-18 in the periodic table

32
Q

mass number

A

the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

33
Q

matter

A

anything that has mass and occupies space

34
Q

metalloid

A

an element that displays both metallic and non-metallic properties; germanium, silicon, arsenic, tellurium

35
Q

model

A

a description that scientists use to represent the important features of what they are trying to describe

36
Q

neutron

A

an uncharged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom

37
Q

noble gas

A

an unreactive gaseous element in group 18 of the periodic table; with the exception of helium, noble gases have 8 electrons in their outer shells

38
Q

nucleon

A

a particle that makes up the nucleus of an atom; protons and neutrons

39
Q

nucleus

A

the positively charged core at the centre of an atom, consisting of protons and neutrons

40
Q

nuclide notation

A

a way of representing an atom using the element symbol, atomic number (Z) and mass number (A)

41
Q

orbital

A

a component of a subshell, a region of space in which electrons move and each holds two electrons (Schrodinger model)

42
Q

period

A

a horizontal row of elements in the periodic table

43
Q

periodic law

A

the way properties of elements vary periodically with their atomic number

44
Q

periodic table

A

a table that organises the elements by grouping them according to their electron configurations

45
Q

periodicity

A

the periodic pattern of properties of the elements

46
Q

proton

A

a positively charged, subatomic particle bound to neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

47
Q

quantised

A

in specific quantities or chunks

48
Q

quantum mechanics

A

a branch of science that describes the behaviour of extremely small particles such as electrons

49
Q

radioactive

A

spontaneously undergoing nuclear decay to produce radiation such as beta particles, alpha particles and gamma rays

50
Q

Schrodinger model

A

a model for the behaviour of electrons in atoms that describes electrons as having wave-like properties

51
Q

subatomic particle

A

a particle that makes up an atom - protons, neutrons and electrons

52
Q

subshell

A

a component of a shell in the Schrodinger model, made up of orbitals; each subshell can be regarded as an energy level that electrons can occupy

53
Q

transition metal

A

an element in groups 3-12 of the periodic table

54
Q

valence electrons

A

an electron found in the valence shell; an outermost electron in an atom or ion

55
Q

valence shell

A

the highest energy shell (outer shell) of an atom that contains electrons

VCE Unit 1 Chemistry (3 decks)

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