Chapter 4: Measuring Effort for software project Flashcards

1
Q

Define SLOC and list its primary uses in software project estimation.

A

SLOC គឺជា technique ដែលប្រើសម្រាប់ ប៉ាន់ស្មានទំហំនៃ projects។ គេប្រើវា
- គណនា effort ដែលត្រូវចំណាយទៅលើ project
- នៅពេលដែលដឹង programming languages and technology ដែលត្រូវប្រើជាមុន
- គណនា lines of codes, documentation of pages, inputs, outputs and components of a SW program

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2
Q

What are the main disadvantages of the SLOC technique?

A
  1. ចំនួន lines of codes អាចប្រែប្រួលទៅតាមសមត្ថភាពនៃអ្នកសរសេរកូដ
  2. language level ខ្ពស់សរសេរតិចបន្ទាត់
  3. SLOC អនុវត្តន៍ហើយទើបយកទៅធ្វើផែនការតាមក្រោយ
  4. មិនមានការឯកភាពគ្នាក្នុងការរាប់ចំនួន lines of code
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3
Q

Explain Function Points (FP) and its role in software project estimation.

A

ជាខ្នាត ឬ មាត្រដ្ឋានវាស់ទំហំនៃ project ដោយផ្ទាល់តាមរយៈ user’s perspective។ គេប្រើវាដើម្បីយកទៅ estimate software project។

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4
Q

What is the formula for calculating FP, and what are its components?

A

LOC = AVC * number of function points។
- AVC: average number of LOC/FP for a given languaes

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5
Q

Who introduced the Function Point technique, and what were its key advancements/functionals?

A

Allan.J.Albrecht invented function point estimates in 1979 at IBM. Key advancement:
- User/External Input: ជាដំណើរការនៃធាតុទិន្នន័យទាំងឡាយ ពីខាងក្រៅចូលទៅខាងក្នុងឆ្លងកាត់ព្រំដែនមួយអាចជា interface ឬ screen តាមរយៈ external devices ដូចជា៖ keyboards, mouse, scanner, barcode reader, camera ជាដើម និងត្រូវបានយកទៅរក្សាទុកក្នុង ILF (Internal logical files)។
- User/External Output:​ ជាដំណើរការនៃធាតុទិន្នន័យទាំងឡាយពីខាងក្រៅឆ្លងកាត់ព្រំដែនមួយដោយការទាញទិន្នន័យពីខាងក្នុង ILF មួយ ឬ ច្រើន រួចយកមកធ្វើការគណនាតាមរយៈ ប្រមាណវិធីប្រៀបធៀប ឬ algorithms ណាមួយមុននឹងចាកចេញជា report ឬ message ឲ្យ user ឃើញ។ ជាទូទៅមាន EO កើតឡើងយ៉ាងហោចណាស់ក៏មាន 1 EI ដែរ។
- User/External Inquiries/Queries: ទិន្នន័យដែលបញ្ចូលទៅ ILF ត្រូវត្រឡប់មកវិញ ហើយត្រូវបានទទួលស្គាល់និងប្រើប្រាស់ក្នុងការ search។
- Internal/logical files:​ ជា file ទាំងឡាយណាដែលត្រូវបានបង្កើត និង គ្រប់គ្រងដោយ system របស់យើងនឹងត្រូវបានប្រើសម្រាប់រក្សាទុក ទិន្នន័យនៅពេលដែលមាន EI កើតឡើង។ វាមានទម្រង់ជាច្រើនដូចជា៖ text​ file, binary file, database file ជាដើម។
- External/logical Interfaces: ជា file ទាំងឡាយណាដែលត្រូវបានបង្កើតនិងគ្រប់គ្រងដោយ system ផ្សេងទៀតហើយត្រូវបានយកទិន្នន័យបោះចូលក្នុង system របស់យើង។

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6
Q

Define the three types of projects in COCOMO (Organic, Semidetached, and Embedded).

A

Organic: simple project business and application, such as a banking system and inventory system.
- Project size: 2-50KLC
- Team size: small
- Nature of project: familiar
- Deadline: not tight
Semidetached: project are combination of the preceding two types of projects such as new operating system, database management system.
- Project size: 50-300KLC
- Team size: medium
- Nature of project: medium
- Deadline: medium
Embedded: project have stringent and specialized hardware, software and human resource requirement.
- Project size: over 300KLC
- Team size: large
- Nature of project: complex
- Deadline: tight

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7
Q

What is the difference between Basic and Intermediate COCOMO?

A

Basic COCOMO techniques ធ្វើការប៉ានស្មាន effort និង cost of Software ដោយប្រើតែ lines of code ខណៈដែល Intermediate COCOMO techniques មានការបន្ថែមនូវ effort adjustment factor ចំនួន 15 ចូលទៅបន្ថែមពីលើ basic COCOMO techniques.

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8
Q

List the key steps involved in the Delphi Technique.

A
  1. កំណត់នូវសមាសភាពក្រុមដែលត្រូវ estimate
  2. author បង្ហាញនូវ project details ទៅកាន់ក្រុមនៃ expert
  3. ក្រុមនៃ expert ធ្វើការកំណត់នូវតម្លៃ variance មួយដែលអាចទទួលយកបាន
  4. expert ម្នាក់ៗរៀបចំ list សម្រាប់ tasks
  5. ក្រុមអ្នក expert ធ្វើការ estimate រួចរាល់រួចប្រគល់ទៅឲ្យ author
  6. រៀបចំនូវការ summary of estimate សម្រាប់ task នីមួយៗ ពីសំណាក់ author
  7. author និង ក្រុម​ expert និងធ្វើការពិភាក្សាម្ដងទៀតទៅលើចំណុចណាដែល not acceptable​
  8. repeat ទៅ step ទី​​5 ម្ដងហើយម្ដងទៀតរហូតដល់ទទួលយកបាន
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9
Q

Why is the Delphi Technique considered effective for small projects?

A

ព្រោះការប៉ាន់ស្មានភាគច្រើនមានការ tried and tested

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10
Q

A project is estimated to have 40,000 LOC. The average productivity is 500 LOC per person-month, and the labor rate is $10,000 per person-month. Calculate:
1. Cost per LOC.
2. Total project cost.
3. Estimated effort in person-months.
4. Project duration if the team consists of 5 people.

A
  1. 10,000/500 = 50$
  2. 40,000 * 50 = 2,000,000$
  3. 2,000,000 / 10,000 = 200 person-month
  4. 200/5 = 40 months
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11
Q

Calculate the Function Points (FP) for a project with the following details:
* User inputs: 20 (10 simple, 5 average, 5 complex)
* User outputs: 10 (5 simple, 3 average, 2 complex)
* User inquiries: 8 (4 simple, 2 average, 2 complex)
* Internal files: 6 (2 simple, 2 average, 2 complex)
* External interfaces: 4 (2 simple, 1 average, 1 complex)
* General System Characteristics (complexity adjustment value): 50

Use the formula:
FP = Count Total * [ 0.65 + 0.01 * Sigma(Fi)]

A

Total of User inputs: 3 * 10 + 4 * 5 + 6 * 5 = 80
Total of User outputs: 4 * 5 + 5 * 3 + 7 * 2 = 49
Total of User inquiries: 3 * 4 + 4 * 2 + 6 * 2 = 32
Total of Internal files: 7 * 2 + 10 * 2 + 15 * 2 = 64
Total of External interfaces: 5 * 2 + 7 * 1 + 10 * 1 = 27
Count total =. 80 + 49 + 32 + 64 + 27 = 252
FP = 252 * (0.65 + 0.01 * 50) = 289,8

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12
Q

Estimate the effort for an organic type project with 5 KLOC using the Basic COCOMO formula:
1. Effort = a1 * (KLOC)^a2
2. Development time = a3 * (Effort)^a4
3. Number of people required = Effort / Development time

Constants for Organic type:
a1 = 2.4, a2 = 1.05, a3 = 2.5, a4 = 0.38

A
  1. Effort = 2.4 * (5) ^1.05 = 2.4 * 5,41 = 13 person-month
  2. Development time = 2.5 * (13)^0.38 = 6,62 months
  3. Number of people required = 13 / 6,62 = 1,96 person
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13
Q

You are estimating the effort for a customized insurance system project using Intermediate COCOMO. The following information is provided:
1. Project type: Organic.
2. Estimated size: 5 KLOC.
3. Effort constants for Organic projects:
* a1 = 2.4, a2 = 1.05 .
4. Cost driver attributes with ratings:
* Required Software Reliability (RELY): High (1.15).
* Database Size (DATA): Very High (1.3).
* Programmer Capability (PCAP): Low (1.19).
* Modern Programming Practices (MODP): Average (1.0).
Task
1. Calculate the initial effort (Ei) using the formula:
Ei = a1 * (KLOC)^a2
2. Calculate the Effort Adjustment Factor (EAF):
EAF = Product of all cost driver multipliers
3. Calculate the adjusted effort (E):
E = EAF * Ei
4. Estimate the development time (D) using the formula:
D = a3 * (E)^a4
where a3 = 2.5 and a4 = 0.38 for Organic projects.

A
  1. Ei = 2.4 * (5)^1.05 = 13
  2. EAF = 1.15 * 1.3 * 1.19 * 1.0 = 1.78
  3. E = 1.78 * 13 = 23.14
  4. D = 2.5 * (23.14)^0.38 = 8.25
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