Chapter 4 - Matter Flashcards
(23 cards)
Where do the green colours come from in fireworks? Bright oranges?
Green - heated copper substances
Bright oranges - sodium
What is matter?
Matter is anything that has mass and volume.
What is mass?
A measure of the quantity of matter in an object. (kg/g)
What is volume?
Volume is a measure of how big an object is and how much space a fluid takes up. (L/mL)
Liquid -> Gas = ?
Gas -> Liquid = ?
Liquid -> Gas = Evaporation
Gas -> Liquid = Condensation
Solid -> Liquid = ?
Liquid -> Solid = ?
Solid -> Liquid = Melting
Liquid -> Solid = Freezing
Solid -> Gas = ?
Gas -> Solid = ?
Solid -> Gas = Sublimation
Gas -> Solid = Deposition
What is the Particle Theory of Matter?
- All matter is composed of particles.
- All particles of a pure substance are the same (and different from other pure substances).
- Particles are always moving.
- The particles in a substance attract each other, and the attraction grows stronger when they get closer to each other.
- Particles at a higher temperature move faster than the particles at a lower temperature.
“In ice, the particles of water vibrate in place but cannot move around. They attract each other strongly, forming a solid”.
What happens when heat is added to the ice?
The particles of water vibrate more quickly, which weakens the attractions between them, allowing them to slide past each other. As more heat is added, the particles break free from each other and separate, forming a gas.
What specific properties might pure substances have?
Colour, hardness, boiling point, and melting point.
What is a mechanical mixture?
The different substances that make up the mixture are visible.
A type of heterogeneous mixtures.
What is a suspension?
A cloudy mixture in which tiny particles of one substance are held within another. (Tomato juice)
A type of heterogeneous mixtures.
What is a solution?
The different substances that make it up are not individually visible. (Sugar in hot coffee)
HOMOgeneous mixture.
Matter is split into _____ and ____ _______.
Mixtures and pure substances.
How is oxygen’s combustibility?
What does CO2 (carbon dioxide) do with flames?
What happens with hydrogen gas?
Oxygen helps the fire grow.
CO2 extinguishes the fire.
Hydrogen gas catches fire quickly.
(During the flaming splint test, hydrogen gas would make a “pop” sound, because there is a mini explosion happening)
What is cohesion? (Property of water)
What is adhesion?
Cohesion - water sticks to itself
Adhesion - water sticks to other substances
Define physical property.
A physical property describes a characteristic of a substance that can be observed or measured.
(Water has the ability to remain liquid at room temperature, and moves upwards through plants easily due to cohesion and adhesion)
Define chemical property.
A chemical property describes the ability of a substance of change into a new substance of substances.
Includes how substances react to other substances, like acids, or how it reacts to light or heat.
Define chemical change and chemical reaction.
Chemical change - resulting in a new substance.
Chemical reaction - a process in which a chemical change occurs.
Give examples to physical properties.
Colour and lustre (shiny or dull), conductivity, density, ductility (solid stretched into a long wire is ductile), hardness, malleability (pounded or rolled), viscosity (resistance of a fluid to flow).
Give examples to chemical properties.
Absorbs heat during reaction, combustible, forms gas when heated, reacts with acid, reacts with water, emits heat during reaction, emits light during reaction, forms a precipitate (solid) in a solution.
What is combustibility?
Combustibility is the ability of a substance to react quickly with oxygen to produce heat and light.
What are the 3 types of physical change?
- Change of state
- Dissolving
- Change of form
