Chapter 4 - Matter

Question 1

Where do the green colours come from in fireworks? Bright oranges?

Answer 1

Green - heated copper substances

Bright oranges - sodium

Question 2

What is matter?

Answer 2

Matter is anything that has mass and volume.

Question 3

What is mass?

Answer 3

A measure of the quantity of matter in an object. (kg/g)

Question 4

What is volume?

Answer 4

Volume is a measure of how big an object is and how much space a fluid takes up. (L/mL)

Question 5

Liquid -> Gas = ?

Gas -> Liquid = ?

Answer 5

Liquid -> Gas = Evaporation

Gas -> Liquid = Condensation

Question 6

Solid -> Liquid = ?

Liquid -> Solid = ?

Answer 6

Solid -> Liquid = Melting

Liquid -> Solid = Freezing

Question 7

Solid -> Gas = ?

Gas -> Solid = ?

Answer 7

Solid -> Gas = Sublimation

Gas -> Solid = Deposition

Question 8

What is the Particle Theory of Matter?

Answer 8

• All matter is composed of particles.
• All particles of a pure substance are the same (and different from other pure substances).
• Particles are always moving.
• The particles in a substance attract each other, and the attraction grows stronger when they get closer to each other.
• Particles at a higher temperature move faster than the particles at a lower temperature.

Question 9

“In ice, the particles of water vibrate in place but cannot move around. They attract each other strongly, forming a solid”.

What happens when heat is added to the ice?

Answer 9

The particles of water vibrate more quickly, which weakens the attractions between them, allowing them to slide past each other. As more heat is added, the particles break free from each other and separate, forming a gas.

Question 10

What specific properties might pure substances have?

Answer 10

Colour, hardness, boiling point, and melting point.

Question 11

What is a mechanical mixture?

Answer 11

The different substances that make up the mixture are visible.

A type of heterogeneous mixtures.

Question 12

What is a suspension?

Answer 12

A cloudy mixture in which tiny particles of one substance are held within another. (Tomato juice)

A type of heterogeneous mixtures.

Question 13

What is a solution?

Answer 13

The different substances that make it up are not individually visible. (Sugar in hot coffee)

HOMOgeneous mixture.

Question 14

Matter is split into _____ and ____ _______.

Answer 14

Mixtures and pure substances.

Question 15

How is oxygen’s combustibility?
What does CO2 (carbon dioxide) do with flames?
What happens with hydrogen gas?

Answer 15

Oxygen helps the fire grow.
CO2 extinguishes the fire.
Hydrogen gas catches fire quickly.

(During the flaming splint test, hydrogen gas would make a “pop” sound, because there is a mini explosion happening)

Question 16

What is cohesion? (Property of water)

What is adhesion?

Answer 16

Cohesion - water sticks to itself

Adhesion - water sticks to other substances

Question 17

Define physical property.

Answer 17

A physical property describes a characteristic of a substance that can be observed or measured.

(Water has the ability to remain liquid at room temperature, and moves upwards through plants easily due to cohesion and adhesion)

Question 18

Define chemical property.

Answer 18

A chemical property describes the ability of a substance of change into a new substance of substances.

Includes how substances react to other substances, like acids, or how it reacts to light or heat.

Question 19

Define chemical change and chemical reaction.

Answer 19

Chemical change - resulting in a new substance.

Chemical reaction - a process in which a chemical change occurs.

Question 20

Give examples to physical properties.

Answer 20

Colour and lustre (shiny or dull), conductivity, density, ductility (solid stretched into a long wire is ductile), hardness, malleability (pounded or rolled), viscosity (resistance of a fluid to flow).

Question 21

Give examples to chemical properties.

Answer 21

Absorbs heat during reaction, combustible, forms gas when heated, reacts with acid, reacts with water, emits heat during reaction, emits light during reaction, forms a precipitate (solid) in a solution.

Question 22

What is combustibility?

Answer 22

Combustibility is the ability of a substance to react quickly with oxygen to produce heat and light.

Question 23

What are the 3 types of physical change?

Answer 23

1. Change of state
2. Dissolving
3. Change of form