Chapter 4 - Liberalism, Conservatism, Socialism, and Fascism

Question 1

A collection of ideas about the government, society, the economy and human nature.

Answer 1

Political Ideology

Question 2

An intellectual movement in the mid eighteenth century which emphasized the power of human reason

Answer 2

Enlightenment

Question 3

Idea that all people should be subjected to laws

Answer 3

Rule of Law

Question 4

A form of liberalism that emphasizes the desirability of limited government and free market

Answer 4

Classical Liberalism

Question 5

A system where privately owned businesses, workers and consumers interact with the marketplace with no government intervention

Answer 5

Laissez-Faire Economics

Question 6

A form of liberalism that supports individual freedom with the belief that the government can intervene only when it it can remove restrictions on individual freedom

Answer 6

Reform Liberalism

Question 7

A perspective that has a strong belief in the free marketplace and opposition to government intervention in the economy.

Answer 7

Neo-Liberalism

Question 8

A perspective that supports order, stability, authority, and tradition, and views that humans are inherently imperfect and with a limited capacity to reason.

Answer 8

Conservatism

Question 9

A conservative who favours a return to values or institutions of the past

Answer 9

Reactionary

Question 10

A government that ensures that all citizens have a decent standard of living and provides an economical protection net.

Answer 10

Welfare State

Question 11

A perspective that combines free-market capitalism and limited government and traditional cultural and moral values

Answer 11

New Right

Question 12

A perspective that capitalism undermines the co-operative nature of humanity.

Answer 12

Socialism

Question 13

The view that historical development and society and politics can be understood in the way society organizes material goods.

Answer 13

Historical Materialism

Question 14

A system where private property has been replaced with collective property and everyone has communal ownership. People are able to take what they need.

Answer 14

Communism

Question 15

The version of Marxism in which the capitalist system can only be taken over by force.

Answer 15

Leninism

Question 16

A perspective that capitalism undermines the co-operative nature of humanity.

Answer 16

Socialism

Question 17

The view that historical development and society and politics can be understood in the way society organizes material goods.

Answer 17

Historical Materialism

Question 18

A system where private property has been replaced with collective property and everyone has communal ownership. People are able to take what they need.

Answer 18

Communism

Question 19

The version of Marxism in which the capitalist system can only be taken over by force.

Answer 19

Leninism

Question 20

The perspective that socialism should be achieved by democratic rather than revolutionary means. Voting and political rights should still be respecting

Answer 20

Democratic Socialism

Question 21

The perspective that the government is the source of oppression and it should be replaced with a system based on voluntary co-operation.

Answer 21

Anarchism

Question 22

A perspective that combines an aggressive form of nationalism with a strong belief in the naturalness of inequality and opposition to both liberal democracy and communism.

Answer 22

Fascism

Question 23

A version of fascism that emphasizes racial conflict and the superiority of the “Aryan race”

Answer 23

Nazism

Question 24

The systematic extinction of six million European Jews by the Nazis in WWII

Answer 24

Holocaust

Question 25

The view that conflict and competition allow humanity to evolve.

Answer 25

Social Darwinism

Question 26

A system associated with fascist Italy in which business and labour work together to achieve the goals of the state.

Answer 26

Corporate State

Question 27

A revival of fascism in modern times

Answer 27

Neo-Fascism