Chapter 4-Intro To Medical Terminology, Himan Anatomy, And Lifespan Development Flashcards
Stomato
Mouth
Dento
Teeth
Glosso/linguo
Tongue
Gingivo
Gums
Encephalo
Brain
Gastro
Stomach
Entero
Intestine
Colo
Large intestine
Procto
Anus/rectum
Hepato
Liver
Nephro/Rene
Kidney
Orchido
Testis
Oophoro
Ovary
Hystero
Uterus
Dermo
Skin
Masto/mammo
Breast
Osteo
Bones
Cardio
Heart
Cysto
Bladder
Rhino
Nose
Phlebo/veno
Veins
Pneumo/pulmo
Lung
Help/emia
Blood
Arterio
Artery
Brady
Slow
Cardio
Heart
Hemo
Blood
Hyper
Over, above,beyond
Hypo
Below,under
Naso
Nose
Neuro
Nerve
Oro
Mouth
Tachy
Rapid
Thermo
Heat
Vaso
Blood vessel
Ectomy
To cut out, remove
Graphs/graph
Recording an imagine
Gram
The image
Itis
Inflammation
Ology/ologist
To study, specialize in
Osis
Abnormal condition
Ostomy
To make an opening
Otomy
To cut into
Scopy/scopic
To look, observe
Emia
Blood
Anatomy
The study of body structure
Anatomical position
The standard reference position for the body in the study of anatomy, the body is standing upright (erect), facing the observer, arms are down at the sides and the palms of the hands facing forward
Anterior
The front of the body of body part
Posterior
The back of the body or body part
Midline
An imaginary vertical line used to dived body into right and left halves
Medial
Toward the midline of the body
Lateral
To the side, away from the midline of the body
Superior
Toward the head
Inferior
Toward the feet
Proximal
closer to the torso
Distal
Farther away from the torso
Supine
The patient is lying face up
Prone
The patient is lying face down
Lateral recumbent (recovery position)
Patient is lying on his side
Semi-flowers position
Patient is sitting at an angle
Tredelenburg position
Patient supine at an angle with feet elevated
Physiology
The function of the body and its systems
Four major body cavities
Cranial
Thoracic
Abdominal
Pelvic
Thoracic cavity
The anterior body cavity that is above (superior) to the diaphragm also called the chest cavity
Diaphragm
The muscular structure that divides the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity
Abdominal cavity
The anterior body cavity that extends from the diaphragm to the pelvic cavity
Pelvic cavity
The anterior body cavity surrounded by the bones of the pelvis
Abdominal quadrants
Four divisions of the abdomen used to pinpoint locations of pain or injury: right upper quadrant (RUQ)-liver gallbladder, part of small and large intestines
Left upper quadrant (LUQ)-stomach, spleen, part of small and large intestines and part of liver
Right lower quadrant (RLQ)- appendix and part of small and large intestines
Left lower quadrant (LLQ)- part of the small and large intestines
Palpate
To examine by feeling with ones hands
Perfusion
The supply (flow) of well oxygenated blood and nutrients (content) to all body systems, especially the vital organs and the removal of waste
Respiratory system
Primary structures associated with the respiratory (ventilatory) system include the nose, mouth , trachea , lungs , bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, and associated muscles related to breathing. Responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
Circulatory system
Primary structures include the heart, blood vessels, and blood
Two sides- arterial system that carries oxygenated bloods to the body and he venous system that returns unoxygenated blood to the heart and lungs
Main job- to carry well oxygenated blood and other nutrients to the body’s cells and assist with the removal of waste and carbon dioxide from the cells
Musculoskeletal system
Primary structures include the bonds, muscles , tendons and ligaments
Main function-is to provide structure, support and protection for the body and internal organs and allow for the body movement
Responsible for he production of disease fighting white blood cells
Nervous system
Primary structures include brain, spinal cord, and nervous that extend out to all parts of the body
Main function- to control movement, interpret sensations, regulate body activities and generate memory and thought
Digestive system
Primary structures are the esophagus , stomach , liver, pancreas, small intestine and large intestine
Main function- to properly break down the food we easy so it can be absorbed through the intestines and used for food and energy for cells
Reproductive system
Primary structures include testes and penis for male and the ovaries, Fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina for female
This system produces hormones needed for sexual reproduction. In females it contains structures necessary for the gestation and development of a human fetus
Urinary system
Primary structures include kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra
Main functions is to remove chemical wastes from the body and help balance water and salt levels in blood
Integumentary system
Largest organ in the body is the skin
Covers the body’s many tissues , organs and systems
Protects body from heat and cold as well as from toxins in environment, such as bacteria and other foreign organisms
Regulates body temperature and senses heat, cold, touch, pain and pressure
Regulates body fluids and chemical balance
Includes skin, nails, hair, sweat glands, oil gland, and mammary glands
