Chapter 4: Internet Censorship and Freedom of Expression Flashcards
This is the control or suppression of what can be accessed, published, or viewed on the Internet enacted by regulators, or on their own initiative.
internet censorship
Individuals and organizations may engage in ____ for moral, religious, or business reasons, to conform to societal norms, due to intimidation, or out of fear of legal or other consequences.
self-censorship
The extent of this varies on a country-to-country basis.
internet censorship
This occurs in response to or in anticipation of events such as elections, protests, and riots.
internet censorship
Other areas of censorship include:
- copyrights
- defamation
- harassment
- obscene material
This country is known for having the most incredibly censored internets in the world.
Internet censorship in China
The Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012, officially recorded as ____, is a law in the Philippines approved on ____, 2012.
The Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012, officially
recorded as Republic Act No. 10175, is a law in
the Philippines approved on September 12, 2012.
It aims to address legal issues concerning online interactions and the Internet in the Philippines. Among the cybercrime offenses included here are cybersquatting, cybersex, child pornography, identity theft, illegal access to data and libel
Cybercrime prevention act of 2012 or RA No. 10175
This normally refers to the technical approaches to control access to information on the Internet.
Internet filtering normally refers to the technical approaches to control access to information on the Internet.
What are the 4 approaches in internet filtering?
- technical blocking
- search results removals
- take-down
- induced self-censorship
There are three commonly used techniques to block access to Internet sites:
- IP blocking
- DNS tampering
- URL blocking using a proxy.
These techniques are used to block access to specific Web Pages, domains, or IP addresses. These methods are most frequently used where direct jurisdiction or control over websites are beyond the reach of authorities.
technical blocking
Under technical blocking - this blocks access to websites based on the words found in URLs or blocks searches involving blacklisted terms, is a more advanced technique that a growing number of countries are employing.
keyword blocking
In several instances, companies that provide Internet search services cooperate with governments to omit illegal or undesirable websites from search results. Rather than blocking access to the targeted sites, this strategy makes finding the sites more difficult.
search results removals
Where regulators have direct access to and legal jurisdiction over web content hosts, the simplest strategy is to demand the removal of websites with inappropriate or illegal content.
take-down
In several countries, a cease and desist notice sent from one private party to another, with the threat of subsequent legal action, is enough to convince web hosts to take down websites with sensitive content.
take-down
Where authorities have control of domain name servers, officials can deregister a domain that is hosting restricted content, making the website invisible to the browsers of users seeking to access the site.
take-down
Another common and effective strategy to limit exposure to Internet content is by encouraging self-censorship both in browsing habits and in choosing content to post online.
self-induced censorship
This may take place through the threat of legal action, the promotion of social norms, or informal methods of intimidation.
induced self-censorship
Arrest and detention related to Internet offenses, or on unrelated charges, have been used in many instances to induce compliance with Internet content restrictions.
induced self-censorship
In many cases, the content restrictions are neither spoken nor written. The perception that the government is engaged in the surveillance and monitoring of Internet activity, whether accurate or not, provides another strong
incentive to avoid posting material or visiting sites that might draw the attention of authorities.
induced self-censorship
True or false?
The advantage of allowing internet censorship is that content which is violent, obscene, or dangerous can be immediately blocked. This protects children from inadvertently viewing content that could be scary or harmful to them, such as the murder and decapitation videos which have made their way to sites like Facebook and Twitter in recent years.
TRUE
True or false?
The disadvantage is obvious: internet censorship is a restriction on a person’s ability to view the content they wish to see, when they wish to see it.
TRUE
What are the pros of internet censorship?
- It creates the chance to set common sense limits.
- It limits access to harmful activities.
- It could lessen the impact of identity theft.
- It may provide a positive impact on national security.
- It stops fake news.
There are some things that just aren’t part of what a society would deem to be healthy. A simple search right now on an unfiltered public search can provide anyone with access to numerous videos that purport to show real murders in progress.
It creates the chance to set common sense limits.
There are dark areas of the internet where anything goes right now. Access to illicit drugs, sex trafficking, human trafficking, and child pornography can be accessed with relative ease by those who seek out such things.
It limits access to harmful activities.
One of the fastest growing crimes in the world today is identity theft.
It could lessen the impact of identity theft.
Although hacking will occur no matter what internet censorship laws may be in place, by creating internet censorship regulations with strict and mandatory penalties for a violation, it could become possible to reduce the number of hacking incidents that occur.
It may provide a positive impact on national security.
