Chapter 2: Emerging and Converging Information Communication Technologies

Question 1

What are the emerging software technologies discussed in this module?

Answer 1

1. artificial intelligence and smart machines
2. virtual reality
3. augmented reality
4. blockchain data
5. cyber-privacy and security
6. internet of things

Question 2

This harnesses algorithms and machine learning to predict useful patterns humans normally identify.

Answer 2

artificial intelligence

Question 3

These take human decision-making out of the equation so intelligent machines can instigate changes and bring forward solutions to basic problems.

Answer 3

smart machines

Question 4

Companies are embracing ____ in the workplace because it enables workers to focus their skills on the most important projects and manages these intelligent devices for a more effective system.

Answer 4

Companies are embracing artificial intelligence in the workplace because it enables workers to focus their skills on the most important projects and manages these intelligent devices for a more effective system.

Question 5

____ out of ____ Americans use AI services in one form or another every day, including navigation apps, streaming services, smartphone, personal assistants, ride-sharing apps, home personal assistants, and smart home devices.

Answer 5

Five out of six Americans use AI services in one form or another every day, including navigation apps, streaming services, smartphone, personal assistants, ride-sharing apps, home personal assistants, and smart home devices.

Question 6

In addition to consumer use, this is used to schedule trains, assess business risk, predict maintenance, and improve energy efficiency, among many other money-saving tasks.

Answer 6

In addition to consumer use, AI is used to schedule trains, assess business risk, predict maintenance, and improve energy efficiency, among many other money-saving tasks.

Question 7

____ is beginning to help with missing people reports, and it even helps identify individuals for criminal investigations when cameras have captured their images.

Answer 7

AI face recognition is beginning to help with missing people reports, and it even helps identify individuals for criminal investigations when cameras have captured their images.

Question 8

According to the NIST, face recognition is most effective when ____ and ____’ team up.

Answer 8

According to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), face recognition is most effective when AI
systems and forensic facial recognition experts’ team up.

Question 9

This is a term used to describe three-dimensional computer-generated environments that replace the normal reality in which our everyday lives play out.

Answer 9

virtual reality (VR)

Question 10

VR environments are often described as ____ because they engage a user’s vision — and in some instances touch — to provide a seemingly three-dimensional simulated world to interact with or explore

Answer 10

VR environments are often described as “immersive” because they engage a user’s vision — and in some instances touch — to provide a seemingly three-dimensional simulated world to interact with or explore

Question 11

The illusion of “being there” aka ____ is effected by motion sensors that pick up the user’s movements and adjust the view on the screen accordingly, usually in real time (the instant the user’s movement takes
place).

Answer 11

The illusion of “being there” aka telepresence is effected by motion sensors that pick up the user’s movements and adjust the view on the screen accordingly, usually in real time (the instant the user’s movement takes place).

Question 12

Virtual Reality’s most immediately-recognizable component is the ____.

Answer 12

Virtual Reality’s most immediately-recognizable component is the headmounted display (HMD).

Question 13

Wearing ____ equipped with ____ that provide the sensation of touch, the user can even pick up and manipulate objects that he sees in the virtual environment.

Answer 13

Wearing data gloves equipped with force-feedback devices that provide the sensation of touch, the user can even pick up and manipulate objects that he sees in the virtual environment.

Question 14

This is a more versatile and practical version of virtual reality, as it does not fully immerse individuals in an experience.

Answer 14

augmented reality

Question 15

This features interactive scenarios that enhance the real world with images and sounds that create an altered experience.

Answer 15

augmented reality

Question 16

The most common current applications of this overlay of digital images on the surrounding environment include the recent Pokémon Go fad or the additions on televised football in the U.S.

Answer 16

augmented reality

Question 17

Augmented reality can impact many industries in useful ways. ____ are implementing augmented-reality guides to help people get through their checks and terminals as quickly and efficiently as possible.

Answer 17

Augmented reality can impact many industries in useful ways. Airports are implementing augmented-reality guides to help people get through their checks and terminals as quickly and efficiently as possible.

Question 18

____ and ____ are also using augmented reality to let customers test products, and furniture stores are using this mode to lay out new interior design options.

Answer 18

Retail and cosmetics are also using augmented reality to let customers test products, and furniture stores are using this mode to lay out new interior design options.

Question 19

This is a secure method that will continue to
grow in popularity and use in 2019. An example of this is the cryptocurrency, Bitcoin.

Answer 19

blockchain data

Question 20

This system allows you to input additional data without changing, replacing, or deleting anything.

Answer 20

blockchain data

Question 21

For transaction purposes, this offers a safe and straightforward way to do business with suppliers and customers.

Answer 21

For transaction purposes, blockchain data offers a safe and straightforward way to do business with suppliers and customers.

Question 22

True or false

Private data is particularly secure with blockchain systems, and the medical and information technology industries can benefit equally from added protection.

Answer 22

TRUE

Question 23

This refers to the measures taken to protect a computer or computer system against unauthorized access from a hacker.

Answer 23

cybersecurity aka information security

Question 24

This is the most basic level of cybersecurity. Moreover, it is a consumer’s understanding of their rights as to how their personal information is collected, used, stored and shared.

Answer 24

data privacy

Question 25

This is a concentration of IT that will help secure clouds and improve the trust between businesses and their vendors.

Answer 25

cybersecurity

Question 26

This describes the network of physical objects—“things”—that are embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies for the purpose of connecting and exchanging data with other devices and systems over the internet.

Answer 26

The Internet of Things (IoT) describes the network of physical objects—“things”—that are embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies for the purpose of connecting and exchanging data with other devices and systems over the internet.

Question 27

IoT devices range from ordinary household objects to sophisticated industrial tools. With more than ____ connected IoT devices today, experts are expecting this number to grow to ____ by 2020 and ____ billion by 2025.

Answer 27

IoT devices range from ordinary household objects to sophisticated industrial tools. With more than 7 billion connected IoT devices today, experts are expecting this number to grow to 10 billion by 2020 and 22 billion by 2025.

Question 28

This involves fitting more transistor nodes on a smaller integrated circuit (IC). The IC is then interfaced within its intended system or device so that, once assembled, the system can carry out the desired function. The technology is made tinier yet mightier.

Answer 28

miniaturization (in electronic devices)

Question 29

Give examples of miniaturization.

Answer 29

• mobile phones
• computers
• vehicle engine downsizing

Question 30

Device miniaturization aligns with whose 1965 prediction?

“Cramming more components onto integrated circuits [would] lead to such wonders as home computers, automatic controls for automobiles and personal portable communications equipment.”

Answer 30

Gordon Moore

His prediction proved true, ushering in an era of technology that would vary from portable computers, smartphones and new medical devices to the Internet of Things and 5G wireless devices, as well as AR/VR and AI, all enabled by smaller yet more powerful computing systems.

Question 31

This is an office machine which incorporates the functionality of multiple devices in one.

Answer 31

• multi-function product/printer/peripheral (MFP)
• all-in-one (AIO)
• multi-function device (MFD)

Question 32

This is a branch of engineering that involves the conception, design, manufacture, and operation of robots.

Answer 32

Robotics is a branch of engineering that involves the conception, design, manufacture, and operation of robots.

Question 33

This field overlaps with electronics, computer science, artificial intelligence, mechatronics, nanotechnology and bioengineering.

Answer 33

robotics

Question 34

This science-fiction author is often given credit for being the first person to use the term robotics in a short story composed in the 1940s.

Answer 34

Isaac Asimov

Question 35

In the story, Asimov suggested three principles to guide the behavior of robots and smart machines. Asimov’s Three Laws of Robotics, as they are called, have survived to the present:

Answer 35

1. Robots must never harm human beings.
2. Robots must follow instructions from humans without violating rule 1.
3. Robots must protect themselves without violating the other rules