Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSYCH 3GG3 > Chapter 4: Heritability and IQ > Flashcards

Chapter 4: Heritability and IQ Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

A new, unique chromosome is produced by which process?

A

Cross Over

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which type of twinning is heritable?

A

Dizygotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The fallacy of exclusive determinism explains

A

our tendency to identify a single cause of an event

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Heritability is not…

A
  • the relative contribution of genetic information
  • an estimate of malleability
  • whether something is inherited
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Asking if a snowflake is a result of temperature or humidity is like asking if…

A

a trait is a result of genes or environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The Heritability Statistic and what it tells us

A

H=
[V(genes) / V(genes) + V(environment) + V(g*e)]

It tells us, for a given population, how much of the variance in the population can be attributed to variance in genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Some things about the Heritability Statistic

A
  • applies to a large population
  • applies only to a particular group at a particular time
  • can differ b/t people in different environments
  • cannot be measured if there is no variance
  • *differences are key
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define intelligence

A

cognitive capacities such as knowledge, memory and problem-solving as measured by standardized tests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the different Weschler Intelligence Scales?

A

WPPSI-IV (preschool and primary) age 2-7
WISC-V (for children, general knowledge, working memory etc.)
WAIS-V (adults)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why do we have newer models of intelligent scales?

A

the Flynn Effect: intelligence test performance has been rising. Biggest improvement in lowest range of scores (access to nutrition and healthcare)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Bayley Scales

A

An Infant IQ test, a clinical evaluation to identify those with developmental delay. Focus on cognitive, language, and motor skills.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Explain the stability of IQ

A

Strong positive correlation between scores at age 3 and 6. Diminishes as age interval increases.
Stability seems to start at age 5. Infant measures do not predict adult IQ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What factors positively contribute to IQ?

A
  • breastfeeding
  • SES
  • better health, schooling, nutrition
  • HOME (home observation for measurement of the environment) this includes emotion towards parents, maternal involvement, restrictions/freedom, play materials.
    • high IQ also related to longevity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Risk factors related to IQ (list 6)

A
  • poor nutrition/schooling
  • low SES
  • bigger family (more kids=less mean IQ)
  • strict rules
  • toxins
  • bad parent/child relationship
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What do twin studies tell us about IQ and relatedness?

A

MZ twins living together have the strongest concordance. Even when apart, MZ twins have more concordance than DZ living together.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Explain the elusive heritability of IQ

A
  • If you can standardize the environment, you get a higher heritability statistic.
  • Less variance among those with higher education than among those without
  • If you have a lot of variance in the environment without a change in genes, you get a smaller estimate of heritability.
17
Q

Heritability of IQ increases with…

A

age. Until about 45.

- This means that IQ of adopted kids increasingly correlated with birth parents instead of adopted.

18
Q

In addition to the 3 main points, what else is heritability not?

A

fixed. It can change across populations or historical periods.

19
Q

An example of how heritability can be manipulated artificially

A

Plants in good soil = tall = high heritability
Plants in bad soil = short = still high heritability
Plants in good and bad soil = mix = low heritability

20
Q

Francis Galton

A
  • inspired the heritability statistic
  • the first person to use the terms “nature” and “nurture”
  • psychological traits, not just physical ones, might be heritable
21
Q

Examples of the non-shared environment

A
  • birth order
  • gender
  • different friends or teachers
22
Q

Who first inspired intelligence testing and why?

A
  • Binet and Simon.
  • began with public education in France. Need to identify children who require special help.
  • The Binet-Simon test was successful in predicting success in school.
23
Q

7 intelligence constructs that allow more predictive power than “g”

A
  • perceptual speed
  • word comprehension
  • word fluency
  • space competence
  • number competence
  • memory
  • induction
24
Q

IQ predicts academic and occupational success but an even better predictor is…

A

self-discipline

25
Q

The only part of the heritability statistic that can be directly measured is…

A

the variance in the expressed trait (variance in phenotype)

26
Q

Adaptations are ______ but are not highly _______

A

inherited; heritable

PSYCH 3GG3 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions