Chapter 4: Heat

Question 1

What is thermal equilibrium?

Answer 1

Thermal equilibrium occurs when two objects in thermal contact reach the same temperature. There is no net transfer of heat between them.

Question 2

What is heat capacity?

Answer 2

Heat capacity is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of an object by 1 degree Celsius (or 1 Kelvin).

Question 3

What is specific heat capacity?

Answer 3

Specific heat capacity is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 degree Celsius (or 1 Kelvin).

Question 4

What is the formula for calculating the amount of heat energy transferred?

Answer 4

Q = m * c * Δθ
Where:
Q = Amount of heat energy transferred (Joules, J)
m = Mass of the substance (kg)
c = Specific heat capacity of the substance (J/kg°C)
Δθ = Change in temperature (°C)

Question 5

What is latent heat?

Answer 5

Latent heat is the heat energy absorbed or released during a change of state (e.g., melting, freezing, boiling, condensation) without a change in temperature.

Question 6

What is specific latent heat of fusion?

Answer 6

Specific latent heat of fusion is the amount of heat energy required to melt 1 kg of a substance at its melting point without a change in temperature.

Question 7

What is specific latent heat of vaporization?

Answer 7

Specific latent heat of vaporization is the amount of heat energy required to vaporize 1 kg of a substance at its boiling point without a change in temperature.

Question 8

What is Boyle’s Law?

Answer 8

Boyle’s Law states that for a fixed mass of gas at a constant temperature, the pressure (P) of the gas is inversely proportional to its volume (V). This can be expressed as the equation:
P₁V₁ = P₂V₂

Question 9

What is Charles’ Law?

Answer 9

Charles’ Law states that for a fixed mass of gas at a constant pressure, the volume (V) of the gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature (T). This can be expressed as the equation:
V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂

Question 10

What is Gay-Lussac’s Law?

Answer 10

Gay-Lussac’s Law states that for a fixed mass of gas at a constant volume, the pressure (P) of the gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature (T). This can be expressed as the equation:
P₁/T₁ = P₂/T₂