Chapter 2: Force and Motion I Flashcards
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What is linear motion?
Linear motion is motion in a straight line. It can be described in terms of distance, displacement, speed, velocity, and acceleration.
What is the difference between distance and displacement?
Distance: The total length of the path traveled by an object. It’s a scalar quantity, meaning it only has magnitude.
Displacement: The shortest distance between an object’s starting point and its ending point. It’s a vector quantity, meaning it has both magnitude and direction.
What is the difference between speed and velocity?
Speed: The rate at which an object covers distance. It’s a scalar quantity.
Velocity: The rate at which an object changes its position. It’s a vector quantity, meaning it has both magnitude and direction.
What is acceleration?
Acceleration is the rate at which an object’s velocity changes. It’s a vector quantity.
What are Newton’s Laws of Motion?
Newton’s Laws of Motion are three fundamental laws that describe the motion of objects. They are:
Newton’s First Law (Law of Inertia): An object at rest will stay at rest, and an object in motion will stay in motion at a constant velocity, unless acted upon by a net force.
Newton’s Second Law: The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass. This can be expressed as the equation F = ma.
Newton’s Third Law: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
What is momentum?
Momentum is a measure of an object’s motion. It’s a vector quantity and is calculated by multiplying an object’s mass by its velocity: p = mv.
What is the Principle of Conservation of Momentum?
The Principle of Conservation of Momentum states that in a closed system, the total momentum of the system remains constant. This means that momentum cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred between objects.
What is impulse?
Impulse is the change in momentum of an object. It can be calculated by multiplying the force acting on an object by the time over which the force acts: J = Ft.
What is impulsive force?
Impulsive force is the rate of change of momentum during a short period of time, such as during a collision. It’s calculated by dividing the change in momentum by the time interval: F = (mv - mu) / t.
What is inertia?
Inertia is the tendency of an object to resist changes in its motion. An object at rest wants to stay at rest, and an object in motion wants to stay in motion at a constant velocity. The more massive an object is, the more inertia it has.
What is weight?
Weight is the force of gravity acting on an object. It’s calculated by multiplying an object’s mass by the acceleration due to gravity: W = mg.
