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Orthodontics > Chapter 4 G: Eugnathic Dental Arch > Flashcards

Chapter 4 G: Eugnathic Dental Arch Flashcards

1
Q

Evolution of dentition: primates

A
  • median diastema, space between canine and incisors
  • They had:
    UPPER: 2, 1, 3, 3
    LOWER: 3, 1, 3, 3
  • They had an incisal dental comb in the mandible
  • Then the incisors started to decrease, the comb disappeared and now the dental formula was:
    UPPER: 2,1,3,3
    LOWER: 2,1,3,3
  • Progressive reduction in the number of incisors and premolar.
  • Canines: long broad and prominent
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2
Q

Evolution of dentition: apes

A
  • dental formula more similar to humans:
    UPPER: 2,1,2,3
    LOWER: 2,1,2,3
  • Incisors attain spatulate shape, and a lateral diastema between premaxillary and maxillary suture (between anterior and posterior teeth)
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3
Q

Evolution of dentition: in the next stages:

A
  • broad central incisors
  • Prominent canines
  • Upper molars: 4 cusp pattern and oblique ridge
  • Lower molars: 5 cusp dryopithecus pattern
  • In lower molars: the cusps are grouped into talnoid: 2 cusps, trigonoid: 3 cusps.
  • Canines smaller, incisors less sharp, molars more cusps
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4
Q

Neanderthal man: facial characteristics

A

no chin, squashed cranial vault, big supraorbital processes, thick mandibular ramus.

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5
Q

Neanderthal man: stomatognathic characteristics

A

absence of diastemas, contact surfaces, large retromolar space, mesial drift, no third molar impactation problems, taurodontism, large canines and incisors, heavy wear on front teeth

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6
Q

Cro magnon man: facial characteristics

A

increased cranial capacity, more reduced face, face and skull with same proportion, emergence of chin.

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7
Q

Cro magnon man: stomatognathic characteristics

A

up righted incisors, crowding problems because same number of teeth but less space

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8
Q

Top step of evolutionary scale: steps

A
  • teeth present—>conoid/microdontia—>agenesis
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9
Q

Is the agenesis of 3rd molars, PM, or lateral incisors a malocclusion?

A

3rd molars no
Rest yes

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10
Q

Crowding is a?

A

Negative discrepancy

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11
Q

Diastemas are a?

A

Positive discrepancy

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12
Q

Buccolingual direction:

A
  • inner forces/intraoral forces are protrusive : tongue
  • Outer forces/perioral forces are compressive: lips and cheeks
  • The balance between these: tomes corridor determines the shape of the dental arch
  • Balanced tomes corridor: adequate dental arch -Unbalanced tomes corridor: in correct dental arch
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13
Q

Vertical/frontal direction:

A

Eruptive and intrusive forces

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14
Q

Mesiodistal direction: upper molars tend to

A

rotate to mesial and lower molars tend to tilt

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15
Q

What determines the arch shape?

A
  1. Intrinsic morphology of the bones
  2. Muscular pattern with regard to facial pattern
  3. Tomes corridor
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16
Q

In deciduous dentition: assessment of the arches

A
  • Rounded arch
  • 20 teeth erupt from ages of 6months to 3years
  • Primate spaces
  • Flat spee curve
  • Minimum overbite
17
Q

Primate spaces are?

A

upper ( mesial to canine), lower (distal to canine)

18
Q

In mixed dentition: assessment of the arches

A
  • Arch increases in size and depth
  • Flat spee curve
  • Reduction of overbite
19
Q

In permanent dentition: assessment of the arches

A
  • parabolic shape
  • Sagittal growth of arches
  • 1/3 overbite
  • Deeper spee curve
20
Q

Individual analysis of the arches: transverse/horizontal

A
  • compression and expansion
21
Q

Individual analysis of the arches: sagittal

A

Protrusion, retrusion, mesialisation, distilsation

22
Q

Individual analysis of the arches: occlusal plane

A

Flat/curved, canting

23
Q

Relationship of the arches: what do we analyse from the transverse plane

A

Transverse/horizontal plane: posterior cross bite, scissor bite, midline deviations

TH PSM

24
Q

Relationship of the arches: what do we analyse from the sagittal plane:

A
  • profile
  • molar and canine classes
  • overjet (anterior cross bite)

JHS

25
Q

Relationship of the arches: what do we analyse from the frontal plane?

A
  • vertical plane
  • normal correct bite
  • 2/3 and 3/3 increased over bite
  • open bite

Orthodontics (4 decks)

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