Chapter 2 E: History Of Orthodontics (Origin And Evolution)

Question 1

Prehistoric period included:

Answer 1

• neanderthals
• heidelberg
• plithecanthropus
• cro-magnon

NPC H

Question 2

Ancient civilisations: Egyptians

Answer 2

Used catgut to close gaps

Question 3

Ancient civilisations: Greeks

Answer 3

Used gold wire to tie teeth together, and replaced teeth using animal or human bone, wood, or ivory

Question 4

Ancient civilisations: Etruscans

Answer 4

Used metal rings and rivets to hold dental replacements together as a bridge

Question 5

Ancient civilisations: Hippocrates

Answer 5

• father of modern medicine
• first to describe irregularities of the teeth

Question 6

Ancient civilisations: Cornelius Celsus

Answer 6

• stated that applying finger presure to the teeth at regular intervals moved and aligned them.
• promoted extractions of decidous teeth

Question 7

Ancient civilisations: Pliny

Answer 7

• reduction of mesiodistal surfaces of the teeth to achieve proper alignment

IPR

Question 8

Modern ear: Pierre Fauchard

Answer 8

• bandeau: dental device that looks like a horseshoe and is ligated to the teeth to expand the arch

Question 9

Modern era: Etienne Bourdet

Answer 9

Resigdned the bandeau to the bandelete Made of ivory. And recommended serial extractions and extraction of the premolars to relive crowding. And was the first to practice lingual orthodontics

Question 10

Modern ear: John Hunter

Answer 10

• presented the first clear statement of orthopaedics principles
• first to describe normal occlusion
• established the difference between teeth and bone
• gave the teeth name such as cuspidati and bicuspidati

Question 11

Modern ear: Joseph Fox

Answer 11

First to clasify malocclsuon
And first to observe that the mandible grows by distal extension beyond the molars with little to no increase in the anterior region

Question 12

19th and 20th centuries: Edward Angle

Answer 12

• first to classify malocclusions in 1890s
• father of modern orthodontics
• subdivided the major types of malocclusions
• postulate: the mesio buccal cusp of the upper molar has to fit in the groove of the lower molar
• the first definition of normal occlusion

Question 13

19th and 20th centuries: Charles Tweed

Answer 13

• him and Raymond begg reintroduced extraction to enhance facial aesthetics and achieve better stability of occlusal relationships

Question 14

19th and 20th centuries: American schools

Answer 14

• cephalometric to see that jaw growth could be altered by orthodontic treatment
• used extraoral force to enhance growth changes

Question 15

19th and 20th centuries: European schools

Answer 15

• functional jaw orthopaedics was developed to enhance growth changes

Question 16

The changes in the goals of orthodontic treatment which are?

Answer 16

To focus on facial proportions and the impact of the dentition on facial appearance have been codified now in the form of the soft tissue paradigm

Question 17

Modern era: 20th century

Answer 17

• individually wrapped bands around each tooth connected by a wire

Question 18

Modern era: 1970s

Answer 18

• dental adhesive to attach bracket to tooth
• SS wire that was flexible and easily manipulated
• NITI wires that are bent and then take the shape on its own
• lingual braces

Question 19

Modern era: 1990s

Answer 19

Aligners

Question 20

Protruding, mal-occluded, and irregular teeth can cause 3 types of problems for the patient:

Answer 20

1. Discrimination because of their facial appearance
2. Problems with oral function, including difficulties in jaw movement, TMJ dysfunction, problems with mastication, swallowing, or speech
3. Greater susceptibility to trauma (periodontal disease, overjet, tooth decay)

Question 21

When in the treatment are NITI wires used?

Answer 21

Beginning

Question 22

When in the treatment are SS wires used?

Answer 22

End