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Backflow Prevention > Chapter 4, Fundamentals Of BackFlow > Flashcards

Chapter 4, Fundamentals Of BackFlow Flashcards

1
Q

These items are believed to be the most common temporary cross connection.

A

Hoses

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2
Q

We’re cross connections are necessary, installing the appropriate mechanical backflow preventer creates a:

A

Protected cross connection

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3
Q

These are physical links that allow backflows

A

Cross connections

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4
Q

These are short-term links between potable and non-potable water sources. They are frequently created by a hose or some other type of extension of the permanent water supply line.

A

Temporary cross-connections

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5
Q

Permanent cross connections are generally created by what?

A

Solid pipe connections

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6
Q

A tank truck carrying pesticides connecting to a fire hydrant, creating a cross connection is an example of what type of cross connection?

A

Temporary Cross Connection

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7
Q

Water being supplied to a boiler, and air-conditioning system, or any piece of equipment or holding vessel that could pollute or contaminate the potable water supply is an example of what type of cross connection?

A

Permanent cross connection

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8
Q

This is any arrangement of pipes, fixtures, or devices connecting a portable water supply directly to a non-potable source that is subject to back siphonage and back pressure

A

A direct cross connection

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9
Q

These types of cross connections are subject to back siphonage only and have the potential for backflow only when conditions exist to create a cross connection, and back siphonage is possible

A

Indirect cross connection

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10
Q

A submerged bathtub inlet is an example of what type of cross connection?

A

And indirect and permanent cross connection

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11
Q

Why do cross connections exist?

A
  1. People unaware of a problem.
  2. Convenience.
  3. Inadequate devices.
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12
Q

One of the most hazardous, temporary cross connections arises through the use of a:

A

Siphon mixer

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13
Q

A bath to shower adapter and easily create a _______ showerhead is submerged in the bathwater

A

Temporary cross connection

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14
Q

A spray nozzle extension, installed on a kitchen sink faucet can accidentally create a cross connection. If the spray head is left in the sink, this is classified as what type of cross connection?

A

Direct cross connection

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15
Q

These hazards occur when water moves through a cross connection in a direction it was not intended to move

A

Backflow hazards

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16
Q

Fluid reversal is generally caused by what?

A

A pressure differential

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17
Q

This is a measurement of force. Force is any kind of push or pull.

A

Pressure

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18
Q

This is a force generated when the earths gravity attracts an object that has mass

A

Weight

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19
Q

This is the amount of matter, making up an object.

A

Mass

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20
Q

This is how much space and object occupies

A

Volume

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21
Q

This depends on the mass and volume of an object

A

Density

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22
Q

The greater the mass of an object:

A

The more it weighs

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23
Q

This is a measure of force acting on a unit of area, example a square inch.

A

Pressure

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24
Q

In the US, the most common measurement for pressure is

A

Pounds per square inch (PSI)

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25
Q

This is the science that deals with fluids and motion and rest

A

Hydraulics

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26
Q

Fluids in motion exert:

A

Pressure

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27
Q

The pressure that moving water generates is called:

A

Kinetic energy

28
Q

Water at rest has what kind of energy?

A

(Static) or potential energy

29
Q

One cubic inch of water weighs

A

0.036 psi

30
Q

The bottom of a 1 foot column of water is equal to what psi?

A

0.433 psi

31
Q

A 2 foot column exerts a pressure of 2 “feet of head”, which is equivalent to:

A

0.866 psi

32
Q

1.0 psi of water pressure is equivalent to how many feet acting on one square inch of surface area?

A

2.31 feet (27.75 inches)

33
Q

The shape of a container that holds the water has no effect on the

A

Pressure

34
Q

Water pressure is dependent on

A

Depth

35
Q

1.0 psi of water pressure is equivalent to ______ inches

A

27.75 inches (2.31 feet)

36
Q

This is caused by the weight of air from the atmosphere (25 miles thick) on the Earth’s surface.

A

Atmospheric pressure

37
Q

Atmospheric pressure is equivalent to what psi?

A

14.7

38
Q

At higher elevations for instance in the mountains, the atmospheric pressure is less than 14.7 psi because the column of air is shorter and the air is:

A

Less dense

39
Q

Pressure gauges do not include the:

A

Atmospheric pressure

40
Q

These readings do not include atmospheric pressure, and are measured and units of pounds per square inch

A

Gauge pressure

41
Q

What is the abbreviation for gauge pressure?

A

psig

42
Q

This pressure is the gauge pressure plus the atmospheric pressure at a given altitude

A

Absolute pressure

43
Q

Atmospheric pressure is important in hydraulics because atmosphere exerts pressure on the surface of water water at rest redistributes this pressure how?

A

Equally in all directions

44
Q

Water movement is caused by

A

Pressure differentials

45
Q

Water will flow from high to

A

Low pressure

46
Q

A partial vacuum or negative pressure is created when atmospheric pressure is:

A

Reduced

47
Q

Negative pressure is any pressure less than atmospheric pressure (14.7psia) ? This is also called:

A

Sub-atmospheric

48
Q

14.7 Pisa equals _____ psig?

A

Zero

49
Q

Theoretically, if atmospheric pressure is totally removed from inside of a pipe, water can rise how many feet?

A

33.9 feet

50
Q

This is an old method of backflow prevention that relies on pressure principles to prevent back siphonage backflow. It is simply a 34 foot Vertical Loop of piping.

A

Barometric loop

51
Q

What law of physics states that as the temperature of water rises, either the volume must increase or the pressure must increase

A

The Ideal Gas Law

52
Q

Where the velocity of the fluid is high, the pressure is:

A

Low

53
Q

This is caused by water traveling at high, velocity past or through a small opening

A

The Venturi effect

54
Q

When water is forced to flow through a smaller pipe, it’s velocity must increase, and therefore the pressure at the point must:

A

Decrease

55
Q

This principle states that pressure differentials can be created whenever a large pipe feeds a smaller pipe, when there are obstructions and pipes, or when devices are fittings are placed in line to reduce pressure

A

Bernoulli’s Principal

56
Q

Pumps can increase the pressure in a non-potable supply over that over the:

A

Portable supply

57
Q

True or false pressure differentials can be created whenever a larger pipe feeds a smaller pipe

A

True

58
Q

Pumps can also create a reduction and pressure. The reduction and pressure occurs on the:

A

Intake side of the pump

59
Q

This type of backflow occurs whenever the pressure on the non-potable system is greater than the pressure and the potable water supply system

A

BackPressure

60
Q

This is also referred to as superior pressure

A

Back pressure

61
Q

This is also referred to as superior pressure

A

Back pressure

62
Q

Boilers are also prime candidates for:

A

Back pressure backflow

63
Q

This type of backflow can occur whenever cross connection exist in a negative or sub atmospheric pressure is generated in the potable water supply

A

Back siphonage

64
Q

These seem to be the most common causes of backflow caused by back siphonage

A

Broken water mains

65
Q

The weight of one cubic foot of water is equal to:

A

62.4 pounds

Backflow Prevention (11 decks)

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