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PSYC 2310, Personality Theory > Chapter 4 - Freud's Psychoanalytical Theory > Flashcards

Chapter 4 - Freud's Psychoanalytical Theory Flashcards

1
Q

Define:

Anal Personality

A

Freud’s concept of a personality type that expressses a fixation at the anal stage of development and related to the world in terms of the wish for control or power.

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2
Q

Define:

**Attachment Behavioural System [ABS]

A

Bowlby’s concept emphasizing the early formation of a bond between infant and caregiver, generally the mother.

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3
Q

Define:

Collective Unconscious

A

Carl Jung’s term for inherited, universal unconscious features of mental life that reflect the evolutionary experiences of the human species.

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4
Q

Define:

Fixation

A

Freud’s concept expressing a developmental arrest or stoppage at some point in the person’s psychosexual development.

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5
Q

Define:

Free Association

A

In psychoanalysis, the patient’s reporting to the analyst of every thought that comes to mind.

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6
Q

Define:

Internal Working Model

A

Bowlby’s concept for the mental representation [images[ of the self and others that develop during the early years of development, in particular in interaction with the primary caretaker.

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7
Q

Define:

Oral Personality

A

Freud’s concept for that period of life during which the major center of bodily excitation or tension is the mouth.

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8
Q

Define:

Phallic Personality

A

Freud’s concept of a personality type that expresses a fixation at the phallic stage of development and strives for success in competition with others.

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9
Q

Define:

Projective Test

A

A test that generally involves vague, ambiguous stimuli and allows subjects to reveal their personalities in terms of their distinctive responses.

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10
Q

Define:

Regression:

A

Freud’s concept expressing a person’s return to ways of relating to the world and the self that were part of an earlier stage of development.

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11
Q

Define:

Symptom

A

In psychopathology, the expression of psychological conflict or disordered psychological functioning. For Freud, a disgused expression of a repressed impulse.

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12
Q

Define:

Transference

A

In psychoanalysis, the patient’s development toward the analyst of attitudes and feelings rooted in past experiences with parental figures.

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13
Q

Projective Tests?

A
  • Psychological assessments should be valid, quick, and efficient.
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14
Q

Freud’s Tool of Assessment?

A

Free Associated Technique:
- valid but not efficient.

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15
Q

The Projective Hypothesis?

A
  • As the stimulus materials are unstructured, the clien’s responses will be determined primarily by unconscious processes and will reveal his or her true attitudes, motivations, and modes of behaviour.
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16
Q

What is the Defining Feature of Projective Tests?

A
  • Ambiguity.
  • Person being assess is asked to repond to ambiguous items, meaning they must interpret it.
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17
Q

TAT?

A
  • Thematic Apperception Test.
  • Related to psychoanalytical theory in that it emphasizes (1) complex organization of personality functioning, (2) the importance of the unconscious and defense mechanisms, (3) and a holistic understanding of personality.
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18
Q

What is the Best Known Porjective Technique?

A
  • Rorschach Inkblot Test.
  • Shown 10 inkblots, what do you see first?
  • Provide explanation.
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19
Q

Complications of Projective Tests?

A
  • Predict some types of outcomes, but not others.
  • There are different ways to score them.
  • Problems with inter-judge reliability.
  • No guarantee that the person’s thinking style manifest itslf when confronted with abstract blotches.
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20
Q

Define:

Inter-judge Reliability

A
  • The extent to which independent evaluators produce similar ratings in judging the same abilities or characteristics in the same target person or object.
21
Q

Define:

Face Validity

A
  • The degree to which a procedure, especially a psychological test or assessment, appears effective in terms of its stated aims.
22
Q

Personality Types?

A
  • Oral.
  • Anal.
  • Phallic.
23
Q

Oral Personality Type?

A
  • Themes of taling things into / towards yourself.
  • Narcissistic.
  • No clear recognition of others as seperate entiites.
  • Others are those to ‘feed’ off of.
  • Demanding, impatient, envious, jealous, etc.
24
Q

Anal Personality Type?

A
  • Important processes at that stage are bodily processes and interpersonal relations.
  • Excretion = power.
  • Anal triad: orderliness, parsimony, & obstinacy.
  • Rigid, pover hungry, anxiety over waste & loss of control, etc.
25
Q

Male Phallic Peronality Type?

A
  • Success = I am a man!
  • Exhibitionistic quality is expressive of castration anxiety.
  • Competitive, success hungry, masculine emphasis [macho].
26
Q

Female Phallic Peronality Type?

A
  • Hysterical personality.
  • Uses seductive behaviour to maintain interest of her father but deny sexual intent.
  • May attract men with flirtatious behaviour, but deny sexual intent.
  • Naive, seductive, and flirtatious.
27
Q

What is the Number 1 Defense Mechanism?

A
  • Rationalization.
  • Why did you did something.
28
Q

Psychoanalytic Theory of Psychopathology?

A

Wish, anxiety and defense
Ex:
- Wish = I would like to have sex with this person.
- Anxiety = such feelings are bad and should be punished.
- Defense = denial of sexual behaviour, obsessive preoccupation with the sexual behaviour of others.

29
Q

Therapeutic Change?

A
  • Coming to grips with emotions and uconscious wishes in a safe environment.
30
Q

Define

Transference Neurosis

A
  • patients play out old conflicts.
31
Q

3 Therapeutic Factors?

A
  1. Conflict is less intense than it wasin the original situation.
  2. Analyst assumes an attitude different from that of the parents.
  3. Patients in analysis are older and more mature.
32
Q

Define:

Oedipus Complex

A
  • A desire for sexual involvement with the parent of the opposite sex and a concomitant sense of rivalry with the parent of the same sex; a crucial stage in the normal developmental process.
33
Q

Alfred Adler?

A
  • 1870 - 1937.
  • Greater emphasis on social urges & conscious thoughts.
  • Interested in bodily inferiorities and how people compensate for them [ie. inferiorty complex].
34
Q

Freudians vs. Adlerians?

A
  • F = see an extremely aggressive woman as expressing penis envy.
  • A = see such persons as rejecting stereotyped feminine role of weakness and inferiority.
35
Q

Carl G. Jung?

A
  • 1875-1961.
  • He carried on psychoanalytical tradiiyon after Freud’s death.
  • He thought Freud over-emphasiszed sexuality.
  • Emphasis on evolutionary foundations of the human mind, and on people’s struggles with opposing forces, such as struggle between persona and personal self, and masculine vs. feminine parts of ourselves.
  • Introversion vs. Extraversion.
36
Q

Karen Horney?

A
  • 1885-1952.
  • Emphasis in neurotic functioning is on how individuals attempt to cope with child’s anxiety of helplessness.
  • Three considerations, (1) role of culture in the development of gender identity, (2) her associated with Erich Fromm, (3) and observed differences in personality structure between EU and US patients.
37
Q

Define:

Object Relations Theory

A
  • Interested in interpersonal relations.
  • ‘Object’ is thing toward which drive is directed.
  • Concerned with how experiences with importnt people in the past are represented as parts or aspects of the self and affect relationships in the present.
38
Q

Define

Narcissism

A
  • An investment of mental energy in the self.
39
Q

Define

Kohut

A
  • All persons seek self development, control over the self, and a positive self image.
40
Q

Define:

Attachment Theory

A
  • John Bowlby.
  • ABS.
  • A system that motivates the infact to be close to caregivers, especially when there is a threat.
  • Young kids cling to adults for security & comfort.
41
Q

Define:

Strange Situation

A
  • Mary Ainsworth.
  • Designed to identify individual differences in attachment styles.
  • Observe infants’ responses to the departure and return of mother or caregiver in a structured laboratory setting.
42
Q

Attachment Theory: Secure?

A
  • 70%.
  • Sensitive to departure of mother, but greeted her upon being reunited and able to reutn to play.

Associated with experiences of happiness and trust.

43
Q

Attachment Theory: Anxious-Avoidant?

A
  • 20%.
  • Little protest over mother seperation, upon return avoidance [turning away from mother].

Associated with fears of closeness, emotional highs & lows, and jealousy.

44
Q

Attachment Theory: Anxious-Ambivalent?

A
  • 10%.
  • Difficulty from mother seperation and reuniting, mixed pleas to be picked up with insistence on being put down.

Associated with obsessive preoccupation with the loved one, a dseire for union, emotional extremes, and jealousy.

45
Q

Three Groups of Romantic Relationships?

A
  • Secure lovers = viewed romatic feelings as being stable but also waxing and waning.
  • Avoidant lovers = skeptical of lasting romance.
  • Anxious-ambivilent lovers = it was easy to fall in love but rare to find true love.
46
Q

Bartholomew & His Fourth Attachment Style?

A
  • Dismissing.
  • Not comfortable with close relationships and prefer not to depend on others, but still retain a positive self-image.
47
Q

Define:

Neuropsychoanalysis

A
  • A specific movement in which investigators try to identify brain systems that correspond to psychological structures and functions identifed in Freud’s psychoanalytic theory of personality.
48
Q

Strengths & Limitations of Psychoanalytic Theory?

A
  • Strengths: (1) provides for the discovery and investigation of many interesting phenomena, (2) develops techniques for research & therapy, (3) recognizes the complexity of human behaviour, (4) and encompasses a broad range of phenomena.
  • Limitations: (1) fails to define all its concepts clearly and distinctly, (2) makes empirical testing difficult, at time impossible, (3) endorses the questionable view of the persons as an energy system, (4) tolerates resistance by parts of the proession to empricial research and change in the theory.

PSYC 2310, Personality Theory (5 decks)

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