Chapter 3 - Psychodynamic Theory Flashcards
Define:
Anal Stage
Freud’s concept of a personality type that expresses a fixation at the anal stafe of development and related to the world in terms of the wish for control or power.
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Anxiety
In psychoanalytic theory, a painful emotional experience that signals or alerts the ego to danger.
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Castration
The release and freeing of emotion through talking about one’s problems.
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Conscious
Those thoughts, experiences, and feelings of which we are aware.
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Death Instinct:
Freud’s concept for drives or sources of energy directed toward deth or a return to an inorganic state.
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Defense Mechanisms:
Freud’s concept for those mental strategies used by the person to reduce anxiety. They function to exclude fro mawareness some thought, wish, or feeling.
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Denial
A defense mechanism, emphasized by both Freud and Rogers, in which threaening deelings are not allowed into awareness.
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Ego
Freud’s structural concept for the part of the personality that attempts to satisfy drives [instincts] in accordance with reality and the person’s moral values.
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Energy System
Freud’s view of personality as involving the interplay among various forces or sources of energy.
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Erogenous Zones
According to Freud, those parts of the body that are the sources of tension or excitation.
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Free Association
In psychoanalysis, the patient’s reprtorting to the analyst of every thought that comes to mind.
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Genital Stage
In psychoanalytical theory, the stage of development associated the onset of puberty.
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Id
Freud’s structural concept for the source of the instincts or all the drive energy in people.
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Identification:
The acquisition, as characterisitcs of the self, of personality characteristis perceives to e part of others [ie. parents].
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Isolation
The defense mechanism in which emotion is isolated from the content of a painful impulse or memory.
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Latency Stage
In psychoanalytical theory, the stage following the phallic stage in which there is decrease in sexual urges and interest.
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Libido
The psychoanalytical tern for the energy associated frist with the sexual instricts and later with teh life instincts.
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Life Instinct
Freud’s concept for drives or sources of energy [libido] directed toward the preservation of life an sexual gratification.
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Mechanism
An intellectual movement of the 19th century that argued that basic principles of antural science could explain not only the behavior of physical objects but also human thought and action.
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Oedipus Complex
Freud’s concept expressing a boy’s sexual attraction to the mother and fear of castration by the father, who is seen as a rival.
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Oral Stage
Freud’s concept of a personaslity type that expresses a fixation a the oral stage of development and relates to the world in terms of the wish to be fed or to swallow.
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Penis Envy
In psychoanalytical theory, the female’s envy of the male’s possession of a penis.
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Perception without Awareness
Unconscious perception or perception of a stimulus without conscous awareness of such perception.
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Perceptual Defense
The process of learned behaviors, viewed by Bandura as dependen ton rewards, in contrast with th acquisition of new behaviros, which is seen as independent of reward.
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Phallic Stage
Freud’s concept for that period of life during which excitation or tension begins to be centered in the genitals and during which there is an attraction to the parents of the opposite sex.
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Pleasure Principle
According to Freud, psychological functioning based on the pursuit of pleasure and the avoidance of pain.
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Preconscious
Freud’s thoughts for those thoughts, experiences, and feelings of which we are momentarily unaware but can readily bring into awareness.
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Primary Process
In psychoanalytical theory, a form of thinking that is governed not by logic or reality testing and that is seen in dreams and other expressions of the unconscious.
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Projection
The defense mechanism in which one attibutes to [projects onto] others one’s own expressions of the unconscious.
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Rationalization
The defense mechanism in which the opposite of an unacceptable impulse is expressed.
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Reaction Formation
The defense mechanism in which the opposite of an unacceptable impulse is expressed.
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Reality Principle
According to Freud, psychological functioning based on reality in which pleasure is delated until an optimum time.
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Repression
The primary defense mechanism in which a thought, idea, or wish is dismised from consciousness.
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Secondary Process
In psychoanalytical theory, a form of thinking that is governed y reality and associated with the development of the ego.
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Sublimation
The defense mechanism in which the original expression of the instinct is replaced by a higher cultural goal.
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Subliminal Psychodynamic Activation
The research procedure associated with psychoanalytic theory in which stimuli are presented below the perceptual thredhold [subliminally] to stimulate unconscious wishes and fears.
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Superego
Freud’s structural concept for the part of personality the expresses our ideals and moral values.
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Unconscious
Those thoughts, experiences, and feelings of which we are unaware. According to Freud, this unawareness is the result of repression.
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Undoing
The defense mechanism in which one magically undoes an act or wish associated with anxiety.
The Interpretation of Dreams?
- Published in 1900.
- Basic structures & working principles of the human psyche.
The Mind as an Energy System?
- Freud.
- The mind is a system that contains and directs instinctual drives.
Freud’s 3 Key Ideas on Mental Energy?
- There is a limited amount of energy.
- Energy can be blocked but does not ‘just go away’, instead it gets expressed in some other manner along a path of least resistance.
- The mind functions to achieve a state of quiscene.
Case of Anna O?
- Bizarre symptoms whose biological casues could not be determined, such as partial paralysis, blurred vision, persistent cough, & difficulty conversing in her native language.
- ## “Hysterical symptoms”.
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Catharsis
- a release and freeing of emotions by talking about one’s problems.
2 Implications of Catharsis?
- Mind is an energy system.
- The mind has more than one part:
- a region of ideas of which people are consciously aware.
- a more mysterious, hidden region = unconscious.
What was Freud’s View of the Person?
- People are good, society corrupts them.
- Psychoanalysis = sexual & aggressive drives are an inborn part of human nature.
- Individuals function on a pleasure principle.
- Society teaches kids biologically natural drives are socially unacceptable.
Define:
Preconsious Level
- contains mental contents of which we easily could become aware if we attended to them.
Freud & Dreams?
- Manifest content = the storyline of a dream. These are wish fufillment.
- Latent content = unconsious ideas, emotions, and dribes that are manifested in a dream’s storyline. These are unconscous wishes.
The Motivated Unconscious?
- Mind we do not have access to.
- Trauma repression.
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Subliminal Perception
- Research that is focuses on perception without awareness.
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What year did Freud present the Id, Ego, & Superego?
- 1923.
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Hysteria
- Refers to a disorder in which people experience physical symptoms that are caused by emotional problems rather than disability and such.
Freud’s view of the Science of Personality?
- He did not use any methods to justify his reaction essentially, he ignored science.
Psychoanalytical vs. Cognitive View?
- Psychoanalytical = (1) emphasis on illogical, irrational unconscious processes, (2) content emphases on motives and wishes, (3) and emphasis on motivated aspects of unconsious functioning.
- Cognitive: (1) absence of fundamental difference between conscious and unconscious processes, (2) content emphasis on thoughts, (3) and focus on nonmotivated aspects of unconscious functioning.
Psychoanalytical tend to focus more on emotions & conflict, whereas cognitive focuses more on thoughts and how we process information.
Erik Erikson’s 8 Stages of Development?
- Basic Trust vs. Mistrust = 1 year.
- Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt = 2-3 years.
- Initiative vs. Guilt = 4-5 years.
- Industry vs. Inferiority = latency.
- Identity vs. Role Diffusion = adolescene.
- Intimacy vs. Isolation = early adulthood.
- Generativity vs. Stagnation = adulthood.
- Integrity vs. Despair = later years.
Erik Erikson’s Beliefs?
- Development was not merely psychosexual but also psychosocial.
- Proposed 8 stages rather than 4 [Freud].
