Chapter 4 - Federalism

Question 1

the quality of being supreme in power or authority

Answer 1

Sovereignty

Question 2

the division of power between a central government and regional governments

Answer 2

Federalism

Question 3

a view that holds that the Constitution is a compact among sovereign states, so that the powers of the national government and the states are clearly differentiated

Answer 3

Dual Federalism

Question 4

the idea that all rights not specifically conferred on the national government by the U.S. Constitution are reserved to the states

Answer 4

States’ Rights

Question 5

those powers that Congress needs to execute its enumerated powers

Answer 5

Implied Powers

Question 6

a view that holds that the Constitution is an agreement among people who are citizens of both state and nation, so there is much overlap between state powers and national powers

Answer 6

Cooperative Federalism

Question 7

the last clause in Section 8 of Article I of the Constitution, which gives Congress the means to execute its enumerated powers; this clauses is the basis for Congress’s implied powers; also called Necessary and Proper Clause

Answer 7

Elastic Clause

Question 8

the third clause of Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution, which gives Congress the power to regulate commerce among states

Answer 8

Commerce Clause

Question 9

money provided by one level of government to another to be spent for a given purpose

Answer 9

Grant-In-Aid

Question 10

grants-in-aid targeted for a specific purpose by either formula or project

Answer 10

Categorical Grants

Question 11

categorical grants distributed according to a particular set of rules, called a formula, that specify who is eligible for the grants and how much each eligible applicant will receive

Answer 11

Formula Grants

Question 12

categorical grants awarded on the basis of competitive applications submitted by prospective recipients to perform a specific task or function

Answer 12

Project Grants

Question 13

grants-in-aid awarded for general purposes, allowing the recipient great discretion in spending the grant money

Answer 13

Block Grants

Question 14

citizens, members of interest groups, or public officials who champion particular policy ideas

Answer 14

Policy Entrepreneurs

Question 15

the power of Congress to enact laws by which the national government assumes total or partial responsibility for a state government function

Answer 15

Preemption

Question 16

a requirement that a state undertake an activity of provide a service, in keeping with minimum national standards

Answer 16

Mandate

Question 17

a requirement laid down by act of Congress, prohibiting a state or local government from exercising a certain power

Answer 17

Restraint

Question 18

a view that the national government may impose its policy preferences on the states through regulations in the form of mandates and restraints

Answer 18

Coercive Federalism

Question 19

the process of redrawing political boundaries to reflect changes in population

Answer 19

Redistricting

Question 20

the government units that administer a city or town

Answer 20

Municipal Governments

Question 21

the government units that administer a county

Answer 21

County Governments

Question 22

a government unit that administers elementary and secondary school programs

Answer 22

School District

Question 23

government units created to perform particular functions, especially when those functions are best performed across jurisdictional boundaries

Answer 23

Special Districts

Question 24

the right to enact and enforce legislation locally

Answer 24

Home Rule