Chapter 1 - Freedom, Order, or Equality?

Question 1

the increasing interdependence of citizens and nations across the world

Answer 1

Globalization

Question 2

the legitimate use of force to control human behavior; also, the organization or agency authorized to exercise that force

Answer 2

Government

Question 3

a political entity’s externally recognized right to exercise final authority over its affairs

Answer 3

National Sovereignty

Question 4

established ways of social behavior; maintaining order is the oldest purpose of government

Answer 4

Order

Question 5

the belief that states should leave individuals free to follow their individual pursuits

Answer 5

Liberalism

Question 6

a political system in which, in theory, ownership of all land and productive facilities is in the hands of people, and all goods are equally shared; the production and distribution of goods are controlled by an authoritarian government

Answer 6

Communism

Question 7

benefits and services such as parks and sanitation, that benefit all citizens but are not likely to be produced voluntarily by individuals

Answer 7

Public Goods

Question 8

an absence of constraints on behavior, as in freedom of speech or freedom of religion

Answer 8

Freedom Of

Question 9

immunity, as in freedom from want

Answer 9

Freedom From

Question 10

the authority of a government to maintain order and safeguard citizens’ health, morals, safety, and welfare

Answer 10

Police Power

Question 11

equality in political decision making: one vote per person, with all votes counted equally

Answer 11

Political Equality

Question 12

equality in wealth, education, and status

Answer 12

Social Equality

Question 13

the idea that each person is guaranteed the same chance to succeed in life

Answer 13

Equality of Opportunity

Question 14

the concept that society must ensure that people are equal, and governments must design policies to redistribute wealth and status so that economic and social equality is actually achieved

Answer 14

Equality of Outcome

Question 15

the benefits of government to which every citizen is entitled

Answer 15

Rights

Question 16

a consistent set of values and beliefs about the proper purpose and scope of government

Answer 16

Political Ideology

Question 17

a political philosophy that advocates unlimited power for the government to enable it to control all sectors of society

Answer 17

Totalitarianism

Question 18

a form of rule in which the central government plays a strong role in regulating existing private industry and directing the economy, although it does allow some private ownership of productive capacity

Answer 18

Socialism

Question 19

a socialist form of government that guarantees civil liberties such as freedom of religion; citizens determine the extent of government activity through free elections and competitive political parties

Answer 19

Democratic Socialism

Question 20

the system of government that favors free enterprise (privately owned businesses operating without government regulation)

Answer 20

Capitalism

Question 21

a political ideology that is opposed to all government action except as a necessary to protect life and property

Answer 21

Libertarianism

Question 22

those who are opposed to using government to promote either order or equality

Answer 22

Libertarians

Question 23

an economic doctrine that opposes any form of government intervention in business

Answer 23

Laissez Faire

Question 24

a political philosophy that opposes government in any form

Answer 24

Anarchism

Question 25

those who are willing to use government to promote order but not equality

Answer 25

Conservatives

Question 26

those who are willing to use government to promote both order and equality

Answer 26

Communitarians

Question 27

those who are willing to use government to promote equality but not order

Answer 27

Liberals