Chapter 4 - Extrication Equipment Flashcards
Rescue personnel typically used either of three types of breathing equipment:
Self-contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)
Supplied Air Respirator (SAR)
Air-Purifying Respirator (APRs)
SAR
Air is supplied to the users by high-pressure hoses up to ___ long from a bank of larger air supply cylinders or an air compressor.
300 ft
___ contain an air-purifying filter, canister, or cartridge that removed specific contaminants found in ambient air as the air passes through the air-purifying element.
APRs
What are the 3 types of APRs
Particulate Removing
Vapor-and-Gas Removing
Combination particulate-removing and vapor-and-gas removing
_____ may be powered or nonpowered.
APRs
_____ do not supply oxygen or air from a separate source, and they protect only against specific contaminants at or below certain concentrations.
APRs
_____ should be worn only in controlled atmospheres where the hazards are completely understood and at least ___ % oxygen is present.
APRs
19.5
The three primary limitations of an APR are as follows:
> Limited life of its filters and conisters
Need for constant monitoring of the contaminated atmosphere
Need for a normal oxygen content of the atmosphere before use
Take the following precautions before using APRs or PAPRs
> Know what chemicals/air contaminates are in the air
Know how much of the chemicals/air contaminates are in the air.
Ensure that the oxygen level is between 19.5 and 23.5%
Ensure that atmospheric hazards are not immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH) conditions
The _______ is a circle around the winch with a radius equal to the length of cable or chainfrom the winch to the load.
Winch Danger Zone
A ______ prevents the drum from overrunning when the winch clutch is disengaged and the cable is being unwound.
Drum Brake
Three disadvantages to adding a crane to a heavy rescue unit are:
> The initial cost of the crane itself
The additional maintenance required
The loss of space for other tools because of the crane’s size
Three common air supply systems on rescue vehicles are:
> Cascade Systems
Breathing Air Compressors
Nonbreathing Air Compressors
_____ are step-up transformers that convert the vehicle’s 12- or 24- volt DC current into 110- or 220- Volt AC current.
Inverters
Also called alternators, _______ are fuel efficient and produce little or no noise during operation.
Inverters
Portable lights generally range from ____ to ___ watts.
300
1,000
Some dedicated lighting units have hydraulically operated booms with banks of lights with capacities ranging from ___ to ____ watts per light.
500
1,500
Overtaxing the power plant will ___, ___, and ___
> Provide poor lighting
May damage the power generating unit
will cause electric tools to not function as designed.
The most common size cable is ___, ___ type.
12-guage
3-wire
Electical cable must be ____, ____, and ____.
Adequately Insulated
Waterproof
Have no exposed wires
The most common size wood cribbing is ____.
4- x 4- inch wood timbers
The length of the pieces of wood cribbing may vary, but __ to __ is average.
18- to 24- inches
Other surfaces of the cribbing should be _______ because the finish can make the wood slippery, especially when wet.
Free of any paint or finish.
Plastic cribbing has the advantage of being ___, __, and ______.
Impervious to oil
gasoline
other substances that can soak into and contaminate wooden cribbing.
The most common application for cribbing in vehicle extrication is called a _____.
Box Crib
To maintain the stability of a box crib, the height of the cribbing should not exceed _______ the length of the cribbing piece being used.
one and one-half times
Wooden wedges are usually ___ or ___ material cut from corner to corner.
4- x 4- x 18- or 2- x 4- x 12-inch
Wooden step chocks are constructed with a _____ base approximately __ inches in length.
Each step is approximately __ inches shorter than the one beneath.
2- x 6-inch
30
6
Shoring may consist of ____ or larger timbers of any length.
4- x 4-inch
_____ includes rope, chains, and webbing.
Rigging
____ is one of the most versatile and useful items carried on fire apparatus and rescue vehicles.;
Rope
Despite its great strength, ______ is not ideal for vehicle stabilization because it stretches under load.
Nylon Rope
The best chain for rescue work is _____, also known as _____ or ______.
Grade 80
Grade 8
Grade T
The minimum chain size generally used for extrication operations is ______.
3/8-inch
The following safety rules should be observed when using chain:
> Do not drag a load with a chain under it.
Do not cross, knot, or hammer a chain into position.
Do not exceed the chain’s listed safe working load.
Do not use worn or damaged chain
Do not impact load a chain by lifting and object, dropping it, then suddenly stopping its fall. This increases the stress on the chain.
Do not connect chain hooks to anything but the chain itself.
Do not weld links in alloy chain or otherwise expose them to excessive heat.
Do not use chain appliances (hooks, pins, links, etc.) that are not of at least equal strength to the load being handled.
Do not attempt to splice a chain by placing a bolt through two links.
Do not apply force to kinked chain - make sure that all the links are straight.
The size of webbing varies with the intended use, but most webbing used for lifting and pulling operations starts at about _____ in width.
2 inches
There are two main types of webbing construction:
Flat and Tubular
The most common and basic hand tools are ____
Striking tools
Most pneumatic-powered chisels (air chisels, air hammers, or impact hammers) are designed to operate at air pressures between ___ and ___ psi. Others operate up to ___ psi.
90
150
300
The largest bags can lift approximately ___ tons.
75
There are three basic types of lifting bags:
High Pressure, Medium Pressure, Low Pressure.
Do not stack more than ____ bags; center the bags with the _____ bag on top and inflate the ____ bag first (____ to ____ full), then inflate the ___bag. If more height is needed, crib the object and deflate and reset the air bags.
2 smaller bottom 1/2 to 2/3 top
________ bags are constructed of neoprene rubber reinforced with either steel wire or Kevlar aramid fiber and have a rough, pebble-grained, surface to improve purchase.
High Pressure
High Pressure Bags come in various sizes that can range from ______ to ______.
6 x 6 inches
36 x 36 inches
The range of inflation pressure for high pressure bags is about _______ psi
116 - 145
An air bag’s weight-lifting capacity decreases as the height of the lift increases and its maximum lift capacity is generally rated at ____ inch of lift.
one
The following formula with help rescuers determine the lift capacity of a high pressure bag:
Length x Width x PSI divided by 2,000 = tons
Low-pressure bags generally operate on __ to __ psi while Medium-pressure bags use __ to __ psi.
7 to 10
12 to 15
Hydraulic jacks are available in capacities up to ___ tons or largers
20
Depending on the brand and model of spreaders, some tools can produce more than _____ psi of force.
49,000
The tips of some spreaders may spread apart as much as __ inches.
41
Shears are typically capable of developing up to ______ psi of cutting force and have an opening spread of up to about __ inches.
100,000
9
The largest of these extension rams can extend from a closed length of __ inches to an extended length of nearly __ inches. They open with a pushing force of more than _____ psi. The closing force is about ____ that of the opening force.
36
63
48,000
one-half
Telescoping extension rams have a retracted length of as little as __ inches, some telescoping rams will extend to __ plus inches
12
50
Acetylene has a wide flammability range: ___ to ____ percent by volume in air.
2.5 to 81.0
Do not use acetylene at pressures greater than __ psi.
15
Burning bars produce temperatures in excess of ____. The cutting bars or rods range in size from ___ to ___ in diameter and from __ to __ length.
8,000*F
1/4 to 3/4 inch
22 to 36 in
ARC-Aire produces temperatures from ____ to _____. The rods last between __ and __ seconds.
6,000 to 10,000*F
15 and 30
Cutting Flares produce a ____ flame that will last from __ seconds to __ minutes
6,800*F
15 to two
Plasma-arc cutters are also ultra-high-temperature metal-cutting devices, generating temperatures of up to _____. Up to ___ amperes of electrical power is utilized. ___, _____, and ___ are just a few of the gases used.
50,000*F
200 amperes
Air, Nitrogen, and Argon
Oxyacetylene cutting torches generate an extremely hot flame. For preheating metal, the flame temperature in air is approximately ____. When pure oxygen is added through the torch handle assembly, a flame of over ____ is created.
4,200*F
5,700*F
Pretrogen cutting torches produce a cutting flame in the range of ____.
2,800*F
The most common sizes or ratings of come-alongs are _ to __ tons
1 to 10
A ____ is a wooden or metal frame containing one or more pulleys called sheaves. _____ is the assembly of ropes and blocks through which the line passes to multiply the pulling force.
Block
Tackle
