Chapter 4 Extended Flashcards
Since ionic solids consist of “separate” ions already, the dissolving process is called ————–. The ions are attracted by the appropriate end of the polar water molecule and the attraction is called ———or specifically———when water is the solvent.
dissociation, solvation, hydration
In some ionic compounds the energy needed to separate the ions, the ———–is much larger than the energy released from the ———process. These compounds are insoluble.
lattice energy, hydration
Most molecular compounds are slightly —– or ——. When they are attracted to water, the —–molecule is pulled away from the other molecules. The—-of the molecule is not large enough for ionization. No ions are formed.
slightly polar, nonpolar, whole, polarity
Strong electrolytes/Soluble ionic salts/Strong acids.Strong bases produce a high ——of—– when dissolved.
concentration, ions
Soluble ionic salts already consist of ions which are liberated when ——-.
dissolved
Strong acids ionize——to produce many ions.
completely
These strong bases are the only soluble Hydroxides. Most hydroxides are —- very soluble.
not
Weak Electrolytes/weak inorganic acids/all organic acids/weak bases/nonelectrolytes are —- conductors of electricity and produce only a small amount of —- in ———–
poor, ions, solution
Precipitation reactions: Soluble ions form a —– when mixed
solid
Some ions react with acids to create gas:
Carbonate, Sulfite, Sulfide, and Cyanide
REDOX-Oxidization-Reduction Reaction:
Agent:
LEO GER and OIL RIG
Loss electrons-oxidization, Gain electrons reduction
Oxidization is loss, reduction is gain.
Gets somebody to do something.
Oxidation:
Loss of electrons. Oxidation # gets more +
Reduction:
Gain of electrons. Oxidation # gets more -
Higher electronegative atom has negative oxidation #
Positive oxidation # element written first
Remember that organic acids are—-
Example: HC_7H_13O_2
weak electrolytes
