Chapter 4 Ethics

Question 1

What are the three main principles of the Belmont report?

Answer 1

1) Respect for persons (consent, informed)
2) Beneficence (protect subjects from harm, protect privacy)
3) Justice (fair balance between kinds of people who participate and benefit)

Question 2

How is the principle respect for persons applicated?

Answer 2

Informed consent process

Question 3

How is the principle of benificence applicated?

Answer 3

Good operationalization with as little risks as possible

Question 4

How is the principle of justice applicated?

Answer 4

Careful selection of participants

Question 5

What are the five ethical principles outlined by the APA?

Answer 5

1) Beneficence/nonmaleficence
2) Justice (treat groups fairly)
3) Respect for persons, rights and dignities (people are autonomous)
4) Fidelity and responsibility (professional behavior)
5) Integrity (be accurate, honest, truthful)

Question 6

What are the two forms of deception and what is the difference between the two?

Answer 6

Omission: withholding information
Commission: actively lying to participants

Question 7

What is the difference between data fabrication and falsification?

Answer 7

Fabrication: inventing data that fit hypothesis

Falsification: influence results by deleting observations

Question 8

What are the three R’s for animal care guidelines?

Answer 8

Replacement: find alternative
Refinement: minimize suffering
Reduction: have few animals