Chapter 4-Earthquakes

Question 1

What is the point above the focus?

Answer 1

The epicentre- most strongly felt

Question 2

What happens from an epicentre?

Answer 2

Shock waves radiate from the epicentre

Question 3

What plate boundaries do they form at?

Answer 3

Constructive, destructive and conservative plate margins

Question 4

How are earthquakes measured?

Answer 4

With seismomographs- they record the extent of the shaking
Richter scale-determines the strength
The mercalli scale- measures the effects of the earthquakes using a scale

Question 5

Why do earthquakes occur at destructive plate margins?

Answer 5

The pressure from the sinking of the sub ducting plate can trigger strong earthquakes as this pressure is periodically released

Question 6

Why do earthquakes occur at constructive plate boundaries?

Answer 6

They are less severe than those that happen at destructive

The friction and pressure caused by the plates moving apart

Question 7

Why do earthquakes occur at conservative margins?

Answer 7

more than conservative
Plates slide past each other, the plates tends to stick for long periods of time
This causes stress and pressure to build
The release of the pressure occurs suddenly and results in an earthquake

Question 8

The Kobe earthquake-Japan case study

When did it happen?

Answer 8

17th January 1995

Question 9

The Kobe earthquake-Japan- case study

What plates were involved?

Answer 9

The Philippines plate shifted uneasy beneath the Eurasian plate along the Nojima fault line that runs beneath Kobe

Question 10

The Kobe earthquake- Japan- case study

What was the Richter scale?

Answer 10

7.2

Question 11

The Kobe earthquake-Japan- case study

How many people did it kill and injure and leave homeless?

Answer 11

6,434 killed
40,000 injured
300,000 homeless

Question 12

The Kobe earthquake-Japan- case study

How much money was caused in damage?

Answer 12

$220 billion

Question 13

The Kobe earthquake-Japan- case study

What were the responses to the earthquake?

Answer 13

Emergency services
Hospitals struggled to cope with fatalities
Motorola maintained free telephone connections
Restoration of the roads in 1996, hanshin expressway was fully open again

Question 14

The Kobe earthquake-Japan- case study

What were the responses to the earthquake? (Buildings)

Answer 14

Collapsed buildings

Question 15

Where do earthquakes happen?

Answer 15

They begin deep within the earths crust-the focus

Deep focus earthquakes cause less damage and are felt less than shallow focus ones

Question 16

What is involved in preparation for earthquakes?

Answer 16

Organising activities
Drills so that people know what to do in the event of an earthquake
Hospitals, emergency services

Question 17

What is meant by the term protection from earthquakes?

Answer 17

Constructing buildings so that they are safe to live in and will not collapse

Question 18

What are the 3ps?

Answer 18

Prediction
Protection
Preparation

Question 19

Hati earthquake-the case study

When did it happen and what was the magnitude?

Answer 19

12th January 2010

Magnitude of 7.0

Question 20

Hati earthquake-the case study

How many people were killed and effected?

Answer 20

230,000 killed

2 million effected

Question 21

Hati earthquake-the case study

How many homes were destroyed?

Answer 21

150,000 homes

Question 22

Hati earthquake-the case study

What plate margin did this earthquake occur at?

Answer 22

Conservative

Question 23

Hati earthquake-the case study

What happened to jobs and why?

Answer 23

1 in 5 people lost their jobs because the buildings they worked in were destroyed

Question 24

Hati earthquake-the case study

How many people were left homeless after the earthquake?

Answer 24

1 million

Question 25

Hati earthquake-the case study

What happened to the prison?

Answer 25

Got destroyed and 4000 inmates escaped