Chapter 2-volcanoes

Question 1

What is a composite volcano?

Answer 1

Tall come with a narrow base and steep sides
Made of ash and alternate layers of lava and ash
Irregular with long dormant periods
Violent explosions-steam, ash, lava, rock
Lava is sticky and doesn’t flow so far

Question 2

At what plate do composite volcanoes occur at?

Answer 2

Destructive plate margin

Question 3

At what plate do shield volcanoes occur at?

Answer 3

constructive plate margins

Question 4

What is meant by primary effects of a volcano?

Answer 4

The immediate effects of the eruption caused directly by it

Question 5

What is meant by the secondary effects of volcanoes?

Answer 5

The after effects that occur as an indirect effect of the eruption on a longer time scale

Question 6

What is meant by the term aid?

Answer 6

Money, food, training and technology given by richer countries to poorer countries, either to help with an emergency or to encourage long term development

Question 7

Eyjafallaiokull volcano case study- what were the secondary effects?

Economic

Answer 7

London lost £102 million of tourist income
Hotel owners suffered, insurance companies
Vegetables and flowers ruined in Africa
Fruit and veg stopped for the U.K
Cost of airline industry

Question 8

Eyjafyllaiokull-the case study- the secondary effects

Environmental

Answer 8

Some rivers were still blocked after 1 year
105m thick ice caps melted
Respiratory problems for animals

Question 9

Eyjafallaiokull- case study- the primary effects

Environmental

Answer 9

No loss of life-preparation
Major floods to Icelands
Fine ash sifting up rivers-harbours closed
20 farms destroyed

Question 10

Eyjafallaiokull- case study- social primary effects

Social

Answer 10

Ash cloud disrupted many peoples holidays and jobs
6 days of no flying-95,000 cancelled
Ash damage to homes
7 million people stranded worldwide

Question 11

Eyjafallaiokull-the case study- the secondary effects

Social

Answer 11

World health organisation warm people to stay inside

Destroyed parts of main route 1 road

Question 12

What are the Characteristics of a super volcano?

Answer 12

Ejects over 1000km3 of material
Lies dormant for 1000’s of years
Formed in a caldera
Extensive Magma chamber

Question 13

What is a shield volcano?

Answer 13

A cone with a wide base and gentle slopes 
Made of lava only 
Regular frequent eruptions
Little violence with lava
Lava is runny and flows a long way

Question 14

How does a super volcano occur?

Answer 14

Magma chamber is fed with magma from mantle over hotspots and weak areas of the earths crust
Growing magma chamber forces ground up into a dome
Gas and ash escape through fissures and into cracks in the surface casing a super eruption

Question 15

What happens after a supervolcano?

What is left?

Answer 15

The land collapses into the new magma chamber creating a depression calf a caldera.

Question 16

What are the long term effects of a super volcano?

Answer 16

Crops won’t grow
Global climate change
40% of global population Could face starvation
Economies would collapse

Question 17

What are the immediate effects of a supervolcano?

Answer 17

1 in 3 people affected would die
Temperatures would fall by 12-15 degrees
Kill 87,000

Question 18

How do volcanoes form?

Answer 18

They form when magma escapes through a vent

They also form hotspots

Question 19

Yellowstone- case study- super volcano

When did it last erupt?

Answer 19

Three huge eruptions have happened in the last 3 million years. the last eruption was 630,000 years ago, and was 1,000 times bigger than the Mount St Helens erruption

Question 20

Yellowstone- case study- supervolcano

How big is the caldera?

Answer 20

The caldera is 55 km by 80 km wide. The next eruption is predicted to have catastrophic worldwide effects.

Question 21

Yellowstone- case study- super volcanoes

Why was the volcano formed?

Answer 21

The supervolcano at Yellowstone is formed because of a volcanic hotspot

Question 22

Yellowstone- case study -super volcano

Why are people attracted to it? And how many people go a year?

Answer 22

Every year millions of visitors come to see the related features, such as geysers and hot springs. Old Faithful is one example of a geyser.

Question 23

How are volcanos monitored and predicted?

Answer 23

Earthquakes are a frequent sign of an eruption and their frequency and strength can be recorded
Bulges appear
Increased amount of sulphur dioxide
Seismograms

Question 24

Yellowstone- the case study- super volcano

What would be the effects of the eruption?

Answer 24

10,000km4 of land destroyed
Kill 87,000 people
15cm of ash would cover buildings within 1,000km
1 in 3 people effected would die