Chapter 4 Diseases and Conditions Flashcards
abnormal breath sounds
abnormal sounds heard during inhalation or exhalation, with or without stethoscope
crackles
fine cracking or bubbling sounds, commonly heard during inspiration when there is fluid in the alveoli; AKA rales
friction rub
dry, grating sound heard with stethoscope during auscultation (listening for sounds within the body.
rhonchi
long course snoring sounds heard during inhalation or expiration caused by obstructed airways
stridor
high-pitched musical sound made on inspiration; caused by an obstruction in the trachea or larynx
wheezes
continuous high pitched whistling sounds, usually during expiration caused by narrowing of airway
acidosis
excessive acidity of blood as a result of an accumulation of acids or an excessive loss of bicarbonate caused by abnormally high levels of carbon dioxide in the body
acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
Life-threatening buildup or fluid in the air sacs (alveoli) caused by vomit into the lungs (aspiration), inhaling chemicals, pneumonia, septic shock, or trauma, that prevents enough oxygen from passing into the blood stream. AKA adult respiratory distress syndrome
anosmia
Absence or decrease in sense of smell
anoxia
total absence of oxygen in body tissue, caused by lack of oxygen in inhaled air or by obstruction that prevents oxygen from reaching the lungs
asphyxia
condition of insufficient intake of oxygen as a result of choking, toxic gases, electric shock, drugs, drowning, smoke or trauma.
Asthma
inflammatory airway disorder that results in attacks of wheezing, shortness of breath that gets worse with exercise or activity and coughing
atelectasis
collapse of lung tissue, which prevents the respiratory exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide and is caused by various conditions including obstruction of foreign bodies, excessive secretions, or pressure on the lung from a tumor.
bronchitis
acute or chronic inflammation of mucus membranes of the bronchial airways caused by irritation, infection, or both
coryza
acute inflammation of the nasal passages accompanied by profuse nasal discharge AKA common cold
croup
Acute respiratory syndrome that occurs primarily in children and infants and is characterized by laryngeal obstruction and spasm, barking cough, and stridor
cystic fibrosis
Genetic disease that is one of the most common types of chronic lung disease in children and young adults, and causes thick, sticky mucus to build up in the lungs and digestive tract, possibly resulting in early death.
emphysema
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that makes it difficult to breathe and is characterized by loss of elasticity of the lung tissue that causes small airways to collapse during forced exhalation
epistaxis
hemorrhage from the nose; also called a nosebleed
hypercapnia
greater than normal amounts of carbon dioxide in the blood
hypoxemia
deficiency of oxygen in the blood; usually a sign of respiratory impairment
hypoxia
deficiency of oxygen in body tissues; usually a sign of respiratory impairment
influenza
Acute, contagious respiratory infection characterized by sudden onset of fever, chills, headache and muscle pain
otitis media (OM)
Inflammation of the middle ear, commonly the result of an upper respiratory infection (URI) with symptoms of otodynia; may be treated with myringotomy or tympanostomy tubes
