Chapter 4 Diseases and Conditions

Question 1

abnormal breath sounds

Answer 1

abnormal sounds heard during inhalation or exhalation, with or without stethoscope

Question 2

crackles

Answer 2

fine cracking or bubbling sounds, commonly heard during inspiration when there is fluid in the alveoli; AKA rales

Question 3

friction rub

Answer 3

dry, grating sound heard with stethoscope during auscultation (listening for sounds within the body.

Question 4

rhonchi

Answer 4

long course snoring sounds heard during inhalation or expiration caused by obstructed airways

Question 5

stridor

Answer 5

high-pitched musical sound made on inspiration; caused by an obstruction in the trachea or larynx

Question 6

wheezes

Answer 6

continuous high pitched whistling sounds, usually during expiration caused by narrowing of airway

Question 7

acidosis

Answer 7

excessive acidity of blood as a result of an accumulation of acids or an excessive loss of bicarbonate caused by abnormally high levels of carbon dioxide in the body

Question 8

acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

Answer 8

Life-threatening buildup or fluid in the air sacs (alveoli) caused by vomit into the lungs (aspiration), inhaling chemicals, pneumonia, septic shock, or trauma, that prevents enough oxygen from passing into the blood stream. AKA adult respiratory distress syndrome

Question 9

anosmia

Answer 9

Absence or decrease in sense of smell

Question 10

anoxia

Answer 10

total absence of oxygen in body tissue, caused by lack of oxygen in inhaled air or by obstruction that prevents oxygen from reaching the lungs

Question 11

asphyxia

Answer 11

condition of insufficient intake of oxygen as a result of choking, toxic gases, electric shock, drugs, drowning, smoke or trauma.

Question 12

Asthma

Answer 12

inflammatory airway disorder that results in attacks of wheezing, shortness of breath that gets worse with exercise or activity and coughing

Question 13

atelectasis

Answer 13

collapse of lung tissue, which prevents the respiratory exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide and is caused by various conditions including obstruction of foreign bodies, excessive secretions, or pressure on the lung from a tumor.

Question 14

bronchitis

Answer 14

acute or chronic inflammation of mucus membranes of the bronchial airways caused by irritation, infection, or both

Question 15

coryza

Answer 15

acute inflammation of the nasal passages accompanied by profuse nasal discharge AKA common cold

Question 16

croup

Answer 16

Acute respiratory syndrome that occurs primarily in children and infants and is characterized by laryngeal obstruction and spasm, barking cough, and stridor

Question 17

cystic fibrosis

Answer 17

Genetic disease that is one of the most common types of chronic lung disease in children and young adults, and causes thick, sticky mucus to build up in the lungs and digestive tract, possibly resulting in early death.

Question 18

emphysema

Answer 18

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that makes it difficult to breathe and is characterized by loss of elasticity of the lung tissue that causes small airways to collapse during forced exhalation

Question 19

epistaxis

Answer 19

hemorrhage from the nose; also called a nosebleed

Question 20

hypercapnia

Answer 20

greater than normal amounts of carbon dioxide in the blood

Question 21

hypoxemia

Answer 21

deficiency of oxygen in the blood; usually a sign of respiratory impairment

Question 22

hypoxia

Answer 22

deficiency of oxygen in body tissues; usually a sign of respiratory impairment

Question 23

influenza

Answer 23

Acute, contagious respiratory infection characterized by sudden onset of fever, chills, headache and muscle pain

Question 24

otitis media (OM)

Answer 24

Inflammation of the middle ear, commonly the result of an upper respiratory infection (URI) with symptoms of otodynia; may be treated with myringotomy or tympanostomy tubes

Question 25

exudative

Answer 25

OM with the presence of fluid, such as pus or serum

Question 26

pertussis

Answer 26

acute infectious disease characterized by a whoop sounding cough

Question 27

pleurisy

Answer 27

inflammation of the pleural membrane characterized by a stabbing pain that is intensified by deep breathing or coughing.

Question 28

pneumothorax

Answer 28

collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity, causing the complete or partial collapse of a lung

Question 29

sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

Answer 29

completely unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently well, or virtually well infant